Why Different Regulatory Decisions When the Scientific Information Base Is Similar? - Human Risk Assessment

Nilsson, Rasmus; Tasheva, Maria; Jaeger, Bruce

doi:10.1006/rtph.1993.1033

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, the review noted that the fastest growing markets are located in developing regions such as Africa, South and Central America, Asia, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region and that pesticide use in developing countries would double between 1983 and 1993 (1, pp. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Pesticide Use In Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Pesticide Use in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Research Needs

Wesseling¹,

McConnell²,

Partanen³

et al. 1997

Int J Health Serv

175

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Large worker populations in the Third World are exposed to increasing amounts of pesticides, including pesticides severely restricted and banned in industrialized countries. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices indicate that unsafe use of pesticides is the rule in Third World countries. Surveys of acute poisonings show high rates in these countries, despite underregistration. The scarce studies on chronic health outcomes demonstrate neurotoxic, reproductive, and dermatologic effects. Exposure assessment consists mainly of cholinesterase testing, and few studies have quantified dermal and respiratory exposure. The few intervention studies demonstrate the need for evaluation of the impact of preventive measures and policies. There is no evidence that widespread "safe-use" programs have greatly affected exposure and morbidity. It was concluded that research should focus on simple methods for surveillance of exposure and on surveillance of acute illness and its causes in order to develop and evaluate rapid local interventions. Studies on chronic effects should be carried out in selected countries, aiming at long-term and broader interventions. Policies that promote the use of pesticides should be critically evaluated. North-South and South-South research collaborations must be encouraged to address this global health problem.

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Section: Pesticide Use In Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Pesticide Use in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Research Needs

Wesseling¹,

McConnell²,

Partanen³

et al. 1997

Int J Health Serv

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This raises the spectre of trade disputes between the EU and countries which adopt the JECFA MRL, or at least its scientific approach. There are differences in scientific opinion for a number of reasons including variations in scientific approaches, attitudes to risk assessment and risk-benefit conclusions (Illing, 1991(Illing, , 1999(Illing, , 2001Nilsson et al, 1993). However, some of the variations in MRLs which arise from various national, multinational (e.g.…”

Section: International Regulation: the Role Of The Joint Expert Commimentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessing the safety of veterinary drug residues

Woodward

Watson²

2004

Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food

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“…Toxicologists face many challenges when performing human risk assessments, such as incomplete dosimetry information, disparate in vitro and in vivo hazard results, and lack of human epidemiological data [41–43]. There is an ever-increasing number of substances (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adverse Outcome Pathway Linking Organohalogen Exposure to Mitochondrial Disease

McMinn

Duval

Sayes

2019

Journal of Toxicology

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Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are pragmatic tools in human health hazard characterization and risk assessment. As such, one of the main goals of AOP development is to provide a clear, progressive, and linear mechanistic representation of pertinent toxicological key events (KEs) occurring along the different levels of biological organization. Here, we present an AOP framework that depicts how exposure to organohalogens can lead to mitochondrial disease. Organohalogens are disinfectant by-products (DBPs) found in our drinking water. Chloroform, trichloroacetic acid, and trichlorophenol were selected to represent specific types of organohalogens for the development of this AOP. Although each of these compounds contains chlorine atoms, they differ in aromaticity and solubility, which have a significant impact on their potency. This AOP consists of two main pathways, both of which are triggered by the molecular initiating event (MIE) of excessive reactive oxygen species generation. Pathway 1 details the downstream consequences of oxidative stress, which include mitochondrial DNA damage, protein aggregation, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Pathway 2 shows the KEs that result from inadequate supply of glutathione, including calcium dysregulation and ATP depletion. Pathways 1 and 2 converge at a common KE: opening of the mitochondrial membrane transition pore (mPTP). This leads to the release of cytochrome c, caspase activation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial disease. This AOP was developed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidance, including critical consideration of the Bradford Hill criteria for Weight of Evidence assessment and key questions for evaluating confidence. The presented AOP is expected to serve as the basis for designing new toxicological tests as well as the characterization of novel biomarkers for disinfectant by-product exposure and adverse health effects.

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Why Different Regulatory Decisions When the Scientific Information Base Is Similar? - Human Risk Assessment

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Agricultural Pesticide Use in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Research Needs

Agricultural Pesticide Use in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Research Needs

Assessing the safety of veterinary drug residues

An Adverse Outcome Pathway Linking Organohalogen Exposure to Mitochondrial Disease

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