Why do Hong Kong parents have low intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? testing health belief model and theory of planned behavior in a large-scale survey

Li, Jian-Bin; Lau, Eva Yi Hung; Chan, Derwin King Chung

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.040

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The design of the questionnaire was developed in consultation with: (1) the current literature on parents' intention to get their children vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines (26,(33)(34)(35), (2) studies employing the Theory of Planned Behavior as the theoretical framework (36,37), and (3) a clinician experienced in public health measures and the local COVID-19 vaccination campaign.…”

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe decision about vaccinating children is subject to their parents' decision. To inform strategies that support full vaccination coverage, it is important to understand the parents' vaccination attitude and tendency to act. This study aims to investigate the intention and the factors affecting parents' decision-making about vaccinating their children.MethodsA cross-sectional, self-administered online questionnaire was completed by parents of children aged 3–12 yeas in Macao between 7 March and 17 April 2022. The survey tool was informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which composes of the variable “intention” and three TPB constructs (Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control). Respondents rated their level of agreement on the construct statements using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine if the TPB constructs were predictors of parents' intention.ResultsA total of 1,217 parents completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants were mothers (83.2%), aged 31–40 years (62.7%), having two or more children (74.1%), had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine (84.4%) and considered themselves knowledgeable about the vaccine (62.1%), all of which were significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate their children (all p < 0.05). Their intention varied from negative (19.1%), neutral (38.4%) to positive (42.5%). Respondents were mostly concerned about the serious side effects that the COVID-19 vaccine (mean = 3.96 ± 1.23), highly acknowledged the expectation by the school (mean = 3.94 ± 1.15) and the community (mean = 3.90 ± 1.19) of children vaccination, and rated highly the ease of making necessary arrangement (mean = 3.93 ± 1.25). In the multiple linear regression model which explained 63.5% of the variance in the intention-to-vaccinate their children, only Attitude (B = 0.52, p < 0.001) and Subjective Norm (B = 0.39, p < 0.001) were identified as strong predictors. The major reasons for not having intention were safety concerns (n = 646/699, 92.4%). Participants' most trusted local information sources were doctors (n = 682), government (n = 426) and healthcare professional organizations (n = 416).ConclusionsVaccinating children with COVID-19 vaccine is a complex decision-making for parents. A key to a successful COVID-19 vaccination program is effective communication about the safety profile and the usage experiences warranting the integration of reliable information sources across different healthcare sectors.

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Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao

et al. 2022

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“…As of mid-May 2022, around 73% and 50% of Hong Kong young children have received one dose and two doses of vaccines respectively. In another recent study, 11 we found that parents’ intention to vaccinate their children was higher if parents had higher levels of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, positive attitudes, and subjective norms and if they had lower levels of perceived barriers in arranging COVID-19 vaccination for their children. The pattern of the initially low parental intention and the subsequently rapid increase in child COVID-19 vaccination rate was consistent with our speculation and also the literature that explains how vaccination policies and contextual factors could have contributed to the change in Hong Kong parents’ hesitancy over the last few months.…”

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confidence: 56%

Letter to the editor: Backdrop context of the study “Intention to vaccinate young children against COVID-19: a large-scale survey of Hong Kong parents”

Lau

Chan

2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The current letter provides the backdrop context of the study “Intention to vaccinate young children against COVID-19: a large-scale survey of Hong Kong parents” conducted when the COVID-19 vaccination was first made available to young children in Hong Kong during the fifth wave of the outbreak. The study was conducted to examine parents’ intention for informing the development of an effective child COVID-19 vaccine program because parents were speculated to have low intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

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“…Moreover, low self-efficacy indicates an increased possibility of vaccine hesitancy. Several studies have shown that self-efficacy is a key factor affecting COVID-19 vaccination willingness and predicting adults’ or parents’ vaccination behaviour in China [8] , [16] , [17] . Studies of H1N1 vaccines also suggest that the public's self-efficacy of H1N1 vaccination can be boosted by increasing the benefits of vaccination [39] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMT is an important theoretical framework to explain parental hesitancy about vaccinating their children. Previous studies have used the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain parents’ COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or intention [17] , but with no relevant evidence for PMT. In addition, some demographic factors were found to be associated with vaccine hesitancy and may influence their threat appraisal and coping appraisal [18] , [19] , [20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education level modifies parental hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccinations for their children

Tang¹,

Liu²,

Jia³

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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Why do Hong Kong parents have low intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? testing health belief model and theory of planned behavior in a large-scale survey

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao

Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao

Letter to the editor: Backdrop context of the study “Intention to vaccinate young children against COVID-19: a large-scale survey of Hong Kong parents”

Education level modifies parental hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccinations for their children

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