Why do owls have it worse? Mediating role of self‐perceptions in the links between diurnal preference and features of mental health

Abstract

SummaryRecent research provides evidence for the negative social perceptions of evening chronotypes and their consequences on mental health. However, there is a lack of studies indicating whether these negative, socially shared beliefs may become internalized in negative self‐perceptions of evening‐types (E‐types). The present article provides a seminal empirical analysis of the role of self‐liking and self‐competence in the associations between chronotype and both depressiveness and well‐being. In the first part of the study, the participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness. On the basis of the chronotype cut‐off criteria for Composite Scale of Morningness distribution, 100 individuals were classified as morning‐types (M‐types) and 66 individuals as E‐types. Therefore, 166 participants (80 women and 86 men) aged 18–36 years (M ± SD: 29.27 ± 4.81 years) took part in the second part of the study, and completed questionnaires measuring self‐liking, self‐competence, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressiveness. Results show that E‐types scored lower in self‐liking, self‐competence and subjective well‐being, and higher in depressive symptoms than M‐types. Controlling for age and gender, we obtained significant mediation effects, showing that the relationship between chronotype and subjective well‐being might stem from the lower levels of self‐liking and self‐competence among E‐types, and that the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms might stem from the lower level of self‐liking among E‐types. Our results suggest that self‐liking and self‐competence are important antecedents of lower well‐being and higher depressiveness reported by E‐types. Socially shared stereotypes of M‐types and E‐types can be internalized by the extreme chronotypes, which may significantly affect their psychological health.

Blame it on the “night owls”: Perceived discrimination partly mediates the effects of morningness‐eveningness on positive and negative affect

“…A recent study by Gorgol, Stolarski, and Nikadon (2023) provided evidence for a pronounced self-stigma among E-types who reported markedly lower self-liking and self-competence than their morning-oriented counterparts. Importantly, the two features of selfperception partly mediated the well-established effects of chronotypes on both depressiveness and well-being, illustrating the vital consequences of the internalisation of the socially shared beliefs about chronotypes.…”