Why do so few women work in New York (and so many in Minneapolis)? Labor supply of married women across US cities

Black, Dan A.; Kolesnikova, Natalia A.; Taylor, Lowell J.

doi:10.1016/j.jue.2013.03.003

Cited by 139 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is a natural extension of the work by Black et al (2014), who find that metropolitan areas such as Minneapolis, with low rates of traffic congestion, have higher rates of female labor force participation than do more congested labor markets (e.g., the New York metro area) with long commute times. A quick glance at state rates of multiple job holding 8 show Minnesota (and surrounding states) with among the highest multiple job holding rates, while New York has a relatively low rate multiple job holding rate as compared to other northern states.…”

Section: What Might Explain Metropolitan Area Differences In Multiplementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Because commuting is largely a fixed cost and hours worked at second jobs are substantially lower than in primary jobs, the relative costs of congestion are high in second jobs. Black et al (2014) find that married women are particularly sensitive to high commute costs. Using similar logic, we might expect female multiple job holding to be more sensitive to commute costs than is male multiple job holding.…”

Section: What Might Explain Metropolitan Area Differences In Multiplementioning

confidence: 93%

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The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding Across Regions and Labor Markets

2015

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor MarketsIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.IZA Discussion Paper No. 9631 January 2016 ABSTRACT The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor MarketsMultiple job holding rates differ substantially across U.S. regions, states, and metropolitan areas. Rates decrease markedly with respect to labor market size. These patterns have been largely overlooked, despite being relatively fixed over (at least) the 1998-2014 period. This paper explores explanations for these persistent differences. We account for over half of the mean absolute deviation in multiple job holding across local labor markets (MSAs). Most important in explaining variation in multiple job holding are worker characteristics, commute times, MSA ancestry shares, and, to a lesser extent, labor market churn. City size accounts for little of the variation once we condition on commute times.JEL Classification: J21, R23

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Section: What Might Explain Metropolitan Area Differences In Multiplementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: What Might Explain Metropolitan Area Differences In Multiplementioning

confidence: 93%

The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding Across Regions and Labor Markets

2015

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“…The cultural definitions of female identity made it easier for women to be complacent with the sexual division of labor, reproduction, sexuality and mobility (Ekenga et al, 2015). As female status and mobility became circumscribed and expressed through household production, many wives worked very hard cleaning, washing, and maintaining the family's property (Black et al, 2014). In a sense, females are in general, economically, materially and socially disadvantaged with respect to their take up of leisure opportunities (Aitchison, 2000;Tsai, 2010a).…”

Section: Women's Leisure Opportunities and Provisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure from International Voices: Foreign Labors’ Leisure Opportunities in Taiwan

Tsai¹

2015

IJBA

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This research makes an attempt to explore whether or not sufficient public recreational facilities have been provided for foreign women workers in Taiwan and whether or not the general atmosphere makes them afraid to partake in leisure activities. The aim is to apply gender studies in order to understand the different perspectives that foreign female workers have of leisure experience, to explore the social structure and stereotypes which form the power to oppress women and to search for a way to eliminate such oppression and bias. The data for the analysis of these discourses was gathered from documentary analysis and interviews. The collection of informal and formal data enabled the comparison of views that were formally sanctioned by the respondents and those that were informally articulated.

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“…2 While retirement models have grown extraordinarily complex, the complexity arises in modeling individual budget constraints and preferences, rather than local conditions. As an example of what can be learned by incorporating both concerns, Black, Kolesnikova, and Taylor (2014) find that variation in commuting time helps explain large differences in married women's labor force participation rates across locations-even for women with the same number of children and levels of education.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%