Why Do We Find it so Hard to Calculate the Burden of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Cleaton, Mary Ann Megan; Kirby, Adam

doi:10.4172/2472-1786.100073

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…CYP with NDDs also have complex comorbidities and related symptoms, such as depression and anxiety [4]. There is growing evidence that the impact of NDD is lifelong for many individuals [5], and although exact prevalence rates of NDDs vary considerably between countries, researchers suggest that the prevalence of certain NDDs, specifically ASD and ADHD, has been increasing over the last four decades [6-8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Khan¹,

Hall²,

Davies³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundThe prevalence of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been increasing over the last four decades. Nonpharmacological interventions are available that can improve outcomes and reduce associated symptoms such as anxiety, but these are often difficult to access. Children and young people are using the internet and digital technology at higher rates than any other demographic, but although Web-based interventions have the potential to improve health outcomes in those with long-term conditions, no previous reviews have investigated the effectiveness of Web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders.ObjectiveThis study aimed to review the effectiveness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders.MethodsSix databases and one trial register were searched in August and September 2018. RCTs were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Interventions were included if they (1) aimed to improve the diagnostic symptomology of the targeted neurodevelopmental disorder or associated psychological symptoms as measured by a valid and reliable outcome measure; (2) were delivered on the Web; (3) targeted a youth population (aged ≤18 years or reported a mean age of ≤18 years) with a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Methodological quality was rated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs.ResultsOf 5140 studies retrieved, 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Half of the interventions were delivered to children and young people with ASDs with the other five targeting ADHD, tic disorder, dyscalculia, and specific learning disorder. In total, 6 of the 10 trials found that a Web-based intervention was effective in improving condition-specific outcomes or reducing comorbid psychological symptoms in children and young people. The 4 trials that failed to find an effect were all delivered by apps. The meta-analysis was conducted on five of the trials and did not show a significant effect, with a high level of heterogeneity detected (n=182 [33.4%, 182/545], 5 RCTs; pooled standardized mean difference=–0.39; 95% CI –0.98 to 0.20; Z=–1.29; P=.19 [I2=72%; P=.006]).ConclusionsWeb-based interventions can be effective in reducing symptoms in children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders; however, caution should be taken when interpreting these findings owing to methodological limitations, the minimal number of papers retrieved, and small samples of included studies. Overall, the number of studies was small and mainly limited to ASD, thus restricting the generalizability of the findings.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42018108824; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018108824

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Khan¹,

Hall²,

Davies³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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“…Among all developmental disabilities, ASD and ADHD are the most common developmental disorders. The current prevalence of ASD is 0.6-3.5% in United Kingdom (UK), 0.5-2.5% in United States of America (USA) and that of ADHD is 0.5-2.2% in UK, 2.0-16.1% in USA [10]. Developmental disabilities are likely to caused by complex genetic and biological or environmental risk factors [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Questionnaire Survey on Parent's Awareness Regarding Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Prasad¹,

Yang²,

Jiang³

2019

Int J Pediatr Res

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Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are growing worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Parents are primary caregivers to recognize the signs and symptoms of children's behavior or mental-illness. This study is to obtain basic knowledge and awareness about NDDs in children in Nepali community. People in Nepali community have various religions and outdated belief. This study analyzes misconceptions and factors that influence the knowledge regarding NDDs among general populations, which can help to build early recognition and give support towards families with children diagnosed as mental and psychiatric disorders. Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted among parents of children visited in outpatients department in Nirmala Devi hospital. This survey is based on questionnaire interview with parents regarding socio-demographic information and their knowledge and opinion about NDDs. A total of 500 parents were recruited. Data were collected in excel sheet and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among our study population, 54.4% were female and 45.4% of them were from age 30 to 39 years. The majority of participants (57.8%) live in village, 75.6% were Hinduism and 52.2% were formal educational status. In general, the participants' knowledge and opinions regarding NDDs were poor. When asked about autism symptoms, 65.4% of the female respondents were more positive than the male counterparts. When comparison of religion and mental illness are related to God, all religions of respondents were positive. Residency from both city and village agreed that fear of using drugs for treatment of psychiatric disorder resulted from negative media coverage. Highly educated respondents were more likely to consider psychiatric illness as treatable where as formal educated respondent take it the other way. Conclusion: Public knowledge and awareness regarding NDDs need to improve. Formal educated participants should be the target for mental health education and several misconceptions. Anti-stigma and mental health knowledge programmed should be increased in public and community to improve the quality of life.

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“…These disorders constitute the most frequent conditions for disability and participation restriction during childhood and are more frequent in males than females [ 3 ]. The estimated prevalence of NDDs in school-aged children worldwide ranges from 4 to 13%, but these data vary across countries and estimation methods [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In most of the cases, the NDDs persist into late adolescence and adulthood, with persistent consequences for daily living functioning [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated prevalence of NDDs in school-aged children worldwide ranges from 4 to 13%, but these data vary across countries and estimation methods [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In most of the cases, the NDDs persist into late adolescence and adulthood, with persistent consequences for daily living functioning [ 6 ]. The most prevalent and usually reported NDDs in childhood are attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation in Everyday Activities of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain

et al. 2020

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Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often report significant difficulties performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which may restrict their daily participation. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in ADLs participation between children with NDDs and typically developing (TD) children, and to explore the associations between different daily participation contexts. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included twenty children with a medical diagnosis of an NDD and 26 sex- and age-matched TD controls. The daily participation across home, community, school, and instrumental living activities was measured using the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP). The results show that children with NDDs engaged in lower participation in all CASP contexts (Δ = 1.7–5.5, p < 0.001) and had a significantly higher prevalence of moderate or severe restricted participation than their TD peers (OR = 23.4, 95% CI = 3.6–154.2, p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong association was found between the different contexts of participation (r = 0.642–0.856). Overall, the children with NDDs experienced significant participation restrictions on their daily activities. This study adds to the growing evidence showing that intervention strategies in this population should adopt a participation-oriented approach.

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Why Do We Find it so Hard to Calculate the Burden of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A Questionnaire Survey on Parent's Awareness Regarding Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Participation in Everyday Activities of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain

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