“…Some studies show that the effect of news, represented by online news, oil price news, and news stories, on oil prices is immediately apparent in the short term ( Brandt and Gao, 2019 ; Crego, 2020 ; Gupta and Banerjee, 2019 ; Kilian and Vega, 2011 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Loughran et al, 2019 ). For example, Maslyuk-Escobedo et al (2017) find that news sentiments related to energy cojumps with the futures and spot earnings in energy commodities, such as heating oil, gasoline and crude oil.…”