This study extends previous research on the social psychological implications of pubertal timing to education by applying a life course framework to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and from the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study. Early pubertal timing, which has previously been associated with major social psychological changes in girls' lives during middle school, predicted girls' grade point average and probability of course failure at the start of high school. Because of this initial failure during the high school transition, it also predicted their probability of dropping out of high school, and, among those who graduated, their grade point average at the end of high school. Such research demonstrates one way in which the immediate social psychological risk of early pubertal timing, measured as the age at menarche, translates into longterm disadvantage for girls, thereby opening up new avenues of research for social psychologists interested in youth development, health, and education.Puberty is a physiological event that profoundly transforms the human body. Yet, the significance of this event extends far beyond the physiological or biological into the social and psychological domains of the early life course (Stattin and Magnusson 1990). Consequently, puberty, especially its timing, is of interest to sociologists and psychologists who study adolescence (Brooks-Gunn, Peterson, and Eichorn 1985;Cavanagh 2004;Ge, Conger, and Elder 1996;Graber et al. 1997;Haynie 2003;Martin 1996). In short, this research demonstrates that how and when young people, especially girls, undergo puberty shapes their sense of self as well as their social relationships. This rich literature on the social psychological risks of puberty can and should be extended to include a careful consideration of how these immediate risks translate into long-term consequences for girls' lives. One approach to this "translation" is to investigate how these risks influence girls' pathways through major institutions of society, such as the educational system. In other words, do alterations in psychological well-being and social context during the pubertal transition direct girls' lives long after by influencing their navigation of high school?In this study, we use the educational data recently added to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to explore the connection between the pubertal transition, measured as the age at menarche, and girls' pathways into and through high school. Such research is directly relevant to three prominent areas of sociological social psychology: 1) life course research focused on the connection between the intimate aspects of individual development and larger, institutional pathways as well as on the long-term implications of discrete developmental transitions, 2) interactionist research focused on the specific mechanisms by which changes to the self translate into institutional risks and benefits, and 3) educational research focused on the ways ...