Why Fetal Alcohol Abuse Syndrome?

Abel, Ernest L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5217-5_2

Cited by 69 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…This rate contrasts with estimated FAS rates of 0.33-2.2 in the United States (Abel and Sokol, 1991;May and Gossage, 2001) and with an average for the developed world of 0.97 per 1,000 (Abel, 1998;Abel and Sokol, 1987). In a few high-risk American Indian reservation communities in the United States, the rate of FAS derived from active case ascertainment methods seldom exceeds 10 per 1,000 (Abel, 1995;May, 1991;May et al, 1983), with an average rate of 8 per 1,000 from 1970 to 1982 .…”

contrasting

confidence: 60%

“…All of these risk factors exist in some South African women with a rapid and severe drinking pattern that produces a very high blood alcohol concentration (Khaole et al, 2004), and drinking persists throughout pregnancy in mothers of FAS children. Furthermore, SES is a major risk factor in both the United States and South Africa (Abel, 1998(Abel, , 1995Abel and Hannigan, 1995;Bingol et al, 1987;Viljoen et al, 2003). These variables, however, have rarely been studied simultaneously in nonclinic populations.…”

Section: Comparison Of These Findings With Those Of Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a few high-risk American Indian reservation communities in the United States, the rate of FAS derived from active case ascertainment methods seldom exceeds 10 per 1,000 (Abel, 1995;May, 1991;May et al, 1983), with an average rate of 8 per 1,000 from 1970 to 1982 . The clinic-based rate of FAS for African Americans of low socioeconomic status (SES) from a few inner-city areas is 2.29 per 1000 (Abel, 1995(Abel, , 1998.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in a second primary school cohort in a community in South Africa. Method: Active case ascertainment, two-tier screening, and Institute of Medicine assessment methodology were employed among 857 first grade pupils, most born in 1993. Characteristics of children with FAS were contrasted with characteristics of a randomly selected control group from the same classrooms. Physical growth and development, dysmorphology and psychological characteristics of the children and measures of maternal alcohol use and smoking were analyzed. Results: The rate of FAS found in this study is the highest yet reported in any overall community in the world, 65.2-74.2 per 1,000 children in the first grade population. These rates are 33-148 times greater than U.S. estimates and higher than in a previous cohort study in this same community (40.5-46.4 per 1,000). Detailed documentation of physical features indicates that FAS children in South Africa have characteristics similar to those elsewhere: poor growth and development, facial and limb dysmorphology, and lower intellectual functioning. Frequent, severe episodic drinking of beer and wine is common among mothers and fathers of FAS children. Their lives are characterized by serious familial, social and economic challenges, compared with controls. Heavy episodic maternal drinking is significantly associated with negative outcomes of children in the area of nonverbal intelligence but even more so in verbal intelligence, behavior and overall dysmorphology (physical anomalies). Significantly more FAS exists among children of women who were rural residents (odds ratio: 7.36, 95% confidence interval: 3.31-16.52), usually among workers on local farms. Conclusion: A high rate of FAS was documented in this community. Given social and economic similarities and racial admixture, we suspect that other communities in the Western Cape have rates that also are quite high. (J. Stud. Alcohol 66: [593][594][595][596][597][598][599][600][601][602][603][604] 2005)

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contrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Comparison Of These Findings With Those Of Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

et al. 2005

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“…The impact of low levels of PAE remains controversial [8,9]. Consumption levels may vary on a daily and weekly basis, even among heavy alcohol users [10]. Dosage level interacts with period of fetal development, maternal and fetal genetics, and maternal physical status and metabolic systems [11].…”

Section: Diagnostic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): Proposed DSM-5 Diagnosis

Kable

O’Connor

Olson

et al. 2015

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

107

101

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Over the past 40 years, a significant body of animal and human research has documented the teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Neurobehavioral Disorder associated with PAE is proposed as a new clarifying term, intended to encompass the neurodevelopmental and mental health symptoms associated with PAE. Defining this disorder is a necessary step to adequately characterize these symptoms and allow clinical assessment not possible using existing physically-based diagnostic schemes. Without appropriate diagnostic guidelines, affected individuals are frequently misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately (often to their considerable detriment) by mental health, educational, and criminal justice systems. Three core areas of deficits identified from the available research, including neurocognitive, self-regulation, and adaptive functioning impairments, are discussed and information regarding associated features and disorders, prevalence, course, familial patterns, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the proposed disorder are also provided.

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“…Die Hoffnung auf einen kräftigen, gesunden Nachwuchs bei Alkohol in der Schwangerschaft kann also bekanntlich trügen. Nur im Nebensatz kommt zum Ausdruck, daß nicht alle Kinder alkoholkranker Mütter das Vollbild einer Alkoholembryopathie entwickeln und die Fertilität nicht eingeschränkt sein muß -auch dieser Zusammenhang ist gut erfaßt und entspricht durchaus heutigen Erkenntnissen [1,2,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Frauenalkoholismus Als Krankheitunclassified

?De ebrietate foeminarum? (1737)

Löser

Oehme

Hugenroth

1999

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde

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Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 5·99 | 493 Praktische Pädiatrie Alkoholembryopathie Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1999 • 147: 493-496 © Springer-Verlag 1999 Durch Untersuchungen von Lemoine et al. (1968) in Nantes/Frankreich und Jones et al. 1973 in Seattle/USA wurde erstmals das Fehlbildungsmuster der Alkoholembryopathie exakt beschrieben und inzwischen weltweit als Krankheitsentität gesichert. Infolge mütterlicher Alkoholkrankheit und übermäßigen Trinkens zeigen sich bei den Neugeborenen kör-perliche pathognomonische Verände-rungen wie Wachstumsstörungen, multiple Dysmorphien und zerebrale Verän-derungen, die bei hohem Schweregrad leicht als alkoholspezifisch erkennbar sind und besonders im weiteren Verlauf als Zeichen toxischer Enzephalopathie mit multiplen geistigen Defiziten imponieren. Historisch gesehen ist es erstaunlich, daß erst in diesem Jahrhundert die Folgen des Alkohols in der Schwangerschaft medizinisch syndromal genauer beschrieben wurden, obgleich die Schäd-lichkeit alkoholischer Getränke für das Kind schon seit Jahrhunderten bekannt ist [2, 7, 15, 19]. In einer historischen Untersuchung zur Alkoholsucht in Deutschland durch Spode [16] fanden sich nun in einer bisher unbeachtet gebliebenen medizinischen Dissertation aus dem Jahre 1737 [4] deutliche Hinweise dafür, daß im Rahmen des Frauenalkoholismus die embryofetalen Folgen auch im deutschsprachigen Raum bekannt gewesen sein müssen.

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Why Fetal Alcohol Abuse Syndrome?

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): Proposed DSM-5 Diagnosis

?De ebrietate foeminarum? (1737)

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