Why Plants Were Terrestrial from the Beginning

Harholt, Jesper; Moestrup, Øjvind; Ulvskov, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.010

Cited by 131 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Major changes in cell wall composition often accompanied key evolutionary events, such as territorialisation of charophytes and their descendants, namely land plants 7, 43 . In the stramenopile brown algae the recruitment of new cell wall materials such as polyphenols and alginates, is believed to have shaped the building of complex multicellularity 8, 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insoluble (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan is a component of cell walls in brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and is masked by alginates in tissues

Salmeán

Duffieux

Harholt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Brown algae are photosynthetic multicellular marine organisms. They belong to the phylum of Stramenopiles, which are not closely related to land plants and green algae. Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other photosynthetic and multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell-wall. Brown algal cell walls are composed predominantly of the polyanionic polysaccharides alginates and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides. These polymers are prevalent over neutral and crystalline components, which are believed to be mostly, if not exclusively, cellulose. In an attempt to better understand brown algal cell walls, we performed an extensive glycan array analysis of a wide range of brown algal species. Here we provide the first demonstration that mixed-linkage (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-d-glucan (MLG) is common in brown algal cell walls. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses indicate that MLG in brown algae solely consists of trisaccharide units of contiguous (1 → 4)-β-linked glucose residues joined by (1 → 3)-β-linkages. This regular conformation may allow long stretches of the molecule to align and to form well-structured microfibrils. At the tissue level, immunofluorescence studies indicate that MLG epitopes in brown algae are unmasked by a pre-treatment with alginate lyases to remove alginates. These findings are further discussed in terms of the origin and evolution of MLG in the Stramenopile lineage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insoluble (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan is a component of cell walls in brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and is masked by alginates in tissues

Salmeán

Duffieux

Harholt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…A charophycean alga invaded land from fresh water~500 million years ago and adapted to diverse environments (17). This drastic change in environments presumably drove a rapid and massive evolution of plant signaling networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saltational evolution of the heterotrimeric G protein signaling mechanisms in the plant kingdom

et al. 2016

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“…Land plants arose as a monophyletic group from charophycean green algae ~450 million years ago in the Ordovician Period (Delwiche and Cooper, 2015). As the closest living relatives of land plants, extant char-ophytes could provide insights into the origins of adaptations that allowed for the evolutionary transition to terrestrial life (Harholt et al, 2016; Delwiche and Cooper, 2015). …”

Section: Algal Relatives Of Land Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Guide to Plant Model Systems

Chang

Bowman

Meyerowitz

2016

Cell

108

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For the past several decades, advances in plant development, physiology, cell biology, and genetics have relied heavily on the model (or reference) plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis resembles other plants, including crop plants, in many but by no means all respects. Study of Arabidopsis alone provides little information on the evolutionary history of plants, evolutionary differences between species, plants that survive in different environments, or plants that access nutrients and photosynthesize differently. Empowered by the availability of large-scale sequencing and new technologies for investigating gene function, many new plant models are being proposed and studied.

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Why Plants Were Terrestrial from the Beginning

Cited by 131 publications

References 26 publications

Insoluble (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan is a component of cell walls in brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and is masked by alginates in tissues

Insoluble (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan is a component of cell walls in brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and is masked by alginates in tissues

Saltational evolution of the heterotrimeric G protein signaling mechanisms in the plant kingdom

Field Guide to Plant Model Systems

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