“…The downstream consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and SHO have yet to be completely understood; however, as fear, mistrust, and uncertainty increased, many individuals obtained firearms for protection [ 19 , 20 ]. There was an unprecedented surge in US gun and ammunition sales in 2020, often by first-time buyers who may also be less likely to know how to safely use, secure and store weapons [ 3 , 19 , 21 ].…”