Why Taste Is Pharmacology

Palmer, R. Kyle

doi:10.1007/164_2022_589

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Generally, overarching explanations for versatility based on chemosensory perception are not feasible. However, we hypothesize that many of the associations we found ( Figure 3; Supplementary files 5 and 6 ) are grounded in observed physiological effects mediated by chemesthesis and taste receptor pharmacology (Chandrashekar et al, 2006; Palmer and Servant, 2022). Cumulative evidence suggests that together with transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), extraoral taste receptors and ectopic olfactory receptors form a chemosensory network involved in homeostasis, disease response and off-target drug effects (Foster et al, 2014; An and Liggett, 2018; Kang and Koo, 2012; Hauser et al, 2017; Clark et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Taste shaped the use of botanical drugs

Leonti

Baker

Staub

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The perception of taste (here defined as a combination of taste, odour and chemesthesis) enables animals to find high-value foods and avoid toxins. Humans have learned to use unpalatable and toxic substances as medicines, yet the importance of taste perception in this process is poorly understood. Here we generate tasting-panel data for botanical drugs and apply phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models to test whether taste intensity, complexity and particular tastes can predict ancient Graeco-Roman drug use. We found taste to be strongly predictive of therapeutic use: botanical drugs with high therapeutic versatility have simple yet intense tastes, and 21 of 22 tastes predicted at least one therapeutic use. In addition to the common notion of bitter tasting medicines, we also found starchy, musky, sweet, cooling, and soapy tasting drugs associated with versatility. In ancient Greece and Rome, illness was thought to arise from imbalance in bodily fluids or humours, yet our study suggests that uses of drugs were based on observed physiological effects that are often consistent with modern understanding of taste receptor pharmacology and medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Taste shaped the use of botanical drugs

Leonti

Baker

Staub

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This desensitization can be explained by the sensitivity of TAS2R43 for saccharine, which is, at 10 mM, at the maximum of its dose−response curve as published previously by Behrens et al 22 ■ DISCUSSION This study aimed to establish how the metrics provided by the tongue-on-a-chip receptomics flow cell setup could potentially serve the flavor research community with an in vitro tool to measure sensory parameters that are otherwise more difficult, less reproducible, or costly to obtain in vivo with human taste panels. 29,30 We have shown that the tongue-on-a-chip platform, with taste receptors for sweet and bitter, generated metrics analogous to sensory evaluations such as taste threshold, onset, and lingering. We also demonstrated how it correctly identified sensory interactions (antagonisms) of tastant combinations at the receptor level that were earlier obtained with conventional cell assays using multiwell plates.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue-on-a-Chip: Parallel Recording of Sweet and Bitter Receptor Responses to Sequential Injections of Pure and Mixed Sweeteners

Roelse,

Krasteva,

Pawlizak

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A microfluidic tongue-on-a-chip platform has been evaluated relative to the known sensory properties of various sweeteners. Analogous metrics of typical sensory features reported by human panels such as sweet taste thresholds, onset, and lingering, as well as bitter off-flavor and blocking interactions were deduced from the taste receptor activation curves and then compared. To this end, a flow cell containing a receptor cell array bearing the sweet and six bitter taste receptors was transiently exposed to pure and mixed sweetener samples. The sample concentration gradient across time was separately characterized by the injection of fluorescein dye. Subsequently, cellular calcium responses to different doses of advantame, aspartame, saccharine, and sucrose were overlaid with the concentration gradient. Parameters describing the response kinetics compared to the gradient were quantified. Advantame at 15 μM recorded a significantly faster sweetness onset of 5 ± 2 s and a longer lingering time of 39 s relative to sucrose at 100 mM with an onset of 13 ± 2 s and a lingering time of 6 s. Saccharine was shown to activate the bitter receptors TAS2R8, TAS2R31, and TAS2R43, confirming its known off-flavor, whereas addition of cyclamate reduced or blocked this saccharine bitter response. The potential of using this tongue-on-a-chip to bridge the gap with in vitro assays and taste panels is discussed.

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Further observations on the reinforcing value of sucrose solutions: Interaction between quantity and concentration

Bradshaw

2023

Behavioural Processes

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Why Taste Is Pharmacology

Cited by 4 publications

References 135 publications

Taste shaped the use of botanical drugs

Taste shaped the use of botanical drugs

Tongue-on-a-Chip: Parallel Recording of Sweet and Bitter Receptor Responses to Sequential Injections of Pure and Mixed Sweeteners

Further observations on the reinforcing value of sucrose solutions: Interaction between quantity and concentration

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