Why the Navajo Nation was hit so hard by coronavirus: Understanding the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang, Haoying

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102526

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In addition, the Upper Midwest is home to multiple Native American reservations. The Native American population is more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the “prevalence of underlying chronic health conditions, lack of institutional resilience, the relationship between the federal government and tribal governments, and lack of social trust” [ 21 ]. Additionally, a CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) suggested that American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons experience a COVID-19 incidence 3.5 times higher than their white neighbors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: A Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration and Pandemic-Associated Mortality in the US

Bossak

Andritsch

2022

IJERPH

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In 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, China. The virus causes the disease commonly known as COVID-19, and, since its emergence, it has infected over 252 million individuals globally and taken the lives of over 5 million in the same time span. Primary research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 focused on understanding the biomolecular composition of the virus. This research has led to the development of multiple vaccines with great efficacy and antiviral treatments for the disease. The development of biomedical interventions has been crucial to combating this pandemic; additionally, environmental confounding variables that could have exacerbated the pandemic need further assessment. In this research study, we conducted a spatial analysis of particulate matter (PM) concentration and its association with COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Results of this study demonstrate a significant positive correlation between PM concentration levels and COVID-19 mortality; however, this does not necessarily imply a causal relationship. These results are consistent with similar studies in Italy and China, where significant COVID-19 cases and corresponding deaths were exhibited. Furthermore, maps of the data demonstrate clustering of COVID-19 mortality which suggest further investigation into the social determinants of health impacting the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: A Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration and Pandemic-Associated Mortality in the US

Bossak

Andritsch

2022

IJERPH

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“…Similarly, COVID-19 has devastated visitation figures amongst visitors from Native American Communities. This can be attributed to the fact that these communities were already disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to a relatively high frequency of underlying chronic health conditions among Native Americans, a deficient in institutional resilience, poor access to quality healthcare, and a lack of social trust 38,39 . Furthermore, as some Native American communities in the western U.S. are reliant on the tourism economy, the COVID-19 pandemic considerably exacerbated existing economic hardships 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bridging the disproportionate impact of park visitation from farther communities with a large Native American population due to COVID-19 centers around mitigating the inordinate economic devastation of COVID-19. Thus, existing literature supporting increased financial assistance towards these communities 39,41 could aid the circumvention of the impacted visitation from Native American communities. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ While visitation demographics from African-American communities remain unchanged as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our finding of disproportionate visitation patterns amongst African American communities are of utmost concern towards the diversity of park visitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19’s impact on visitation behavior to US national parks from communities of color: evidence from mobile phone data

Alba

Pan

Yin

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The widespread COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed many people’s ways of life. With the necessity of social distancing and lock downs across the United States, evidence shows more people engage in outdoor activities. With the utilization of location-based service (LBS) data, we seek to explore how visitation patterns to national parks changed among communities of color during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that visitation rates to national parks located closer than 347 km to individuals have increased amidst the pandemic, but the converse was demonstrated amongst parks located further than 347 km from individuals. More importantly, COVID-19 has adversely impacted visitation figures amongst non-white and Native American communities, with visitation volumes declining if these communities are situated further from national parks. Our results show disproportionately low-representations amongst national park visitors from these communities of color. African American communities display a particularly concerning trend whereby their visitation to national parks is substantially lower amongst communities closer to national parks.

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“…The APM Research Lab reported that by 3 March 2021, American Indians/Alaskan Natives had the highest mortality rates nationwide, with 1 in 390 deaths, compared to 1 in 665 White Americans [ 10 ]. Furthermore, the impact of the pandemic within AI communities reinforced long-standing socioeconomic and health inequities, causing additional hardship to many living on AI reservations [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. AIs also experienced disproportionate impacts on their mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis

Crabtree

Stanley

Swaim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to the lives of American Indian (AI) adolescents. While reservation-area AI youth already have a higher risk of substance use (SU) compared to their non-AI peers, COVID-19 stressors likely exacerbated this risk. However, COVID-19-specific and general resilience factors may have buffered against increased SU over the course of the pandemic. Using a person-centered, ecosystemic framework of resilience, we used latent profile analysis to identify ecosystemic resilience profiles indicated by general and COVID-19-specific risk and resilience factors, then examined inter-profile changes in alcohol and cannabis use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic from the spring of 2020 to the spring of 2021. The sample was 2218 reservation-area AI adolescents (7–12th grade; schools = 20; Mage = 15, SD = 1.7; 52% female). Four profiles emerged: Average Risk and Resilience, High Resilience, Low Resilience, and High Risk. Adolescents with a High-Risk profile demonstrated increases in alcohol and cannabis use, while High Resilience youth demonstrated decreases. These findings support the hypothesized COVID-19-specific ecosystemic resilience profiles and the application of a person-centered ecosystemic framework to identify which AI adolescents are most likely to experience substance use changes during a life-altering crisis like COVID-19.

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Why the Navajo Nation was hit so hard by coronavirus: Understanding the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: A Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration and Pandemic-Associated Mortality in the US

COVID-19 and Air Pollution: A Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration and Pandemic-Associated Mortality in the US

COVID-19’s impact on visitation behavior to US national parks from communities of color: evidence from mobile phone data

Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis

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