Why Tourette syndrome research needs philosophical phenomenology

Curtis-Wendlandt, Lisa; Reynolds, Jack

doi:10.1007/s11097-020-09688-w

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This would allow including a broader set of elements of the Tourettic lived experience. 46 It also allows a theoretical view of Tourette's in line with contemporary enactive and embodied views in cognitive science. 47 Finally, a brain difference view also allows seeing Tourette's more holistically, thus reducing stigmatization.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeing Tourette's, like autism, as an entanglement of social and neurological factors and as the meeting point of brain difference and societal expectations, holds promise for Tourette's research. This would allow including a broader set of elements of the Tourettic lived experience 46 . It also allows a theoretical view of Tourette's in line with contemporary enactive and embodied views in cognitive science 47 .…”

Section: Issues With Brain Deficit Views Of Tourette Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Letting Tourette's be: The importance of understanding lived experience in research and the clinic

Bervoets

Beljaars

Jaegher

2023

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The most common clinical research question regarding Tourette syndrome focuses on tic reduction, which follows from classical ‘lack of inhibition’ models. Rooted in views about brain deficits, this model suggests that with higher severity and frequency, tics are necessarily disruptive and should therefore be inhibited. However, emerging calls from people with lived experience of Tourette syndrome suggest that this is too narrow a definition. This narrative literature review analyses issues with brain deficit views and qualitative research on tic context and feelings of compulsion. The results suggest the need for a more positive and encompassing theoretical and ethical position on Tourette's. The article puts forward an enactive analytical approach of ‘letting be’, that is, approaching a phenomenon without forcing preconceived reference structures onto it. We suggest using the identity‐first term ‘Tourettic’. Prioritizing the perspective of the ‘Tourettic patient’, it urges attentiveness to the everyday issues diagnosed people encounter and how these are embedded in further life. This approach highlights the strong relationship between the Tourettic persons' felt impairment, their adoption of an outsider's perspective, and feeling under constant scrutiny. It suggests that this felt impairment of tics can be reduced by creating a physical and social environment in which the person is ‘let be’ but not ‘let go of’.

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Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issues With Brain Deficit Views Of Tourette Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Letting Tourette's be: The importance of understanding lived experience in research and the clinic

Bervoets

Beljaars

Jaegher

2023

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Some studies suggest that patients with OCD associated with tic disorders tend to have an early onset and more severe symptoms. Phenomenological research on Tourette’s syndrome ( Curtis-Wendlandt and Reynolds, 2021 ) points to a correlation with a sense of (dis)ownership or (dis)agency of embodied actions, loss of habitual confidence, and a battle against one’s own body’s uncontrollable movements. A parallel between motor and psychic autonomization can deliver valuable hints about the links of obsessive–compulsive conditions with biological substrates.…”

Section: Dialectics Of Anthropological Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive–compulsive existential type: a dialectical-phenomenological approach

Fukuda,

Tamelini,

Messas

2023

Front. Psychol.

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The clinical presentation of obsessive–compulsive patients is characterized by unwanted, intrusive, nonsensical, self-related, and recurrent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses associated with active compulsive compensations. Under the operational diagnostic criteria adopted by the biological- and cognitive-oriented neopositivist medical paradigm, it is known as “obsessive–compulsive disorder.” However, this paradigm has been criticized for its controversial assumptions, limited methodologies, theoretic biases, and inconsistency in producing practical outcomes. To bypass some of these issues, we propose a complementary approach that draws on and further develops existing psychopathological studies of the obsessive–compulsive anthropological condition based on dialectical phenomenological psychopathology. As such, we refer to the global clinical configuration as the “obsessive–compulsive existential type.” Our theoretical inspiration comes from the classical phenomenological work on obsessions undertaken by Straus and Gebsattel, which identified the negative transformation of the obsessive–compulsive life-world or the endogenous emergence of the anti-eidos (diluting existential force). We then propose to broaden the concept of anti-eidos, especially in its dialectical correlation with eidos (unifying existential force), representing the existential dialectic between transformation and permanence. Next, we detail the dynamics of anthropological disproportions in obsessive–compulsive existential type, essentially the supremacy of the anti-eidos over the eidos. This primary imbalance modifies the obsessive–compulsive existential structure, consisting of polymorphic temporality; weakened intentionality; maladjusted calibration of distance with the world and others; an integral, isolated, besieged self with dwindling self-agency, and tense and over-protecting embodiment. We also analyze compensatory hyperreflexivity and compulsive rituals as expressions of structural counterbalancing designed to contain the primary structural disproportions and derangements. The heterogeneous obsessive–compulsive clinical manifestations are the complex result of the primary structural alteration and subsequent phenomenological compensations. They tend to be variable in temporal span and rarely assume a fixed form, hindering diagnosis. We correlate structural frameworks with multiple clinical examples. Finally, we raise some insights on how our study may contribute to scientific research and therapeutic proposals.

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“…We also investigated whether clinical and individual characteristics predicted reporting consequences from managing tics. Clarifying the occurrence and predictors of these concerns may improve our understanding of the experiences of individuals with TDs and have important treatment implications (Curtis-Wendlandt & Reynolds, 2021; Smith et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Negative Effects of Tic Management Strategies in Adults With Tic Disorders

Barber,

Pitts,

Stiede

et al. 2024

Behav Modif

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Behavior therapy is a well-established and empirically supported treatment for tic disorders (TDs). However, concerns have been expressed about the negative effects of behavioral interventions, such as tic worsening, tic substitution, and excessive effort. This study explored perceived negative effects of tic management strategies in adults with TDs and predictors of these experiences. Participants ( N = 72) completed semi-structured interviews 11 years after receiving behavior therapy or supportive therapy in a randomized clinical trial. We examined responses to interview questions about managing tics and predictors of reported negative effects. Most participants did not experience tic worsening (84%) or tic substitution (75%) from tic management strategies. The majority felt they could manage tics while participating in their environment (87%) and did not report life interference from tic management (77%). About half (45%) felt less present when managing tics. Treatment non-responders in the original trial were more likely to report negative effects of tic management strategies. No differences in reported negative consequences were found between those who received behavior therapy versus supportive therapy, suggesting that behavior therapy specifically does not lead to such adverse effects. These findings could reduce misconceptions about behavior therapy for TDs and enhance its acceptability and utilization.

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Why Tourette syndrome research needs philosophical phenomenology

Cited by 10 publications

References 100 publications

Letting Tourette's be: The importance of understanding lived experience in research and the clinic

Letting Tourette's be: The importance of understanding lived experience in research and the clinic

Obsessive–compulsive existential type: a dialectical-phenomenological approach

Perceived Negative Effects of Tic Management Strategies in Adults With Tic Disorders

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