Why Young Adults Hold the Key to Assessing the Obesity Epidemic in Children

Lee, Joyce M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.7.682

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Din-Dzietham et al 7 reported that a time lag may exist between the rise in obesity and the rise in BP. Although biological mechanisms could explain a time lag between the rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes (eg, long latency between an early stage of insulin resistance and the failure of insulin secretion by the pancreatic ␤ cells 33 ), BP rapidly changes in response to weight change at the individual level. 34 Other epidemiological data in adults did not systematically reveal the expected relation between the obesity trends and mean BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

et al. 2009

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Background-The effect of the increasing prevalence of obesity on blood pressure (BP) secular trends is unclear. We analyzed BP and body mass index secular trends between 1998 and 2006 in children and adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing island state in the African region. Methods and Results-School-based surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2006 among all students in 4 school grades (kindergarten and 4th, 7th, and 10th years of compulsory school). We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria to define obesity and elevated BP. The same methods and instruments were used in all surveys. Some 25 586 children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age contributed 43 867 observations. Although the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls increased from 5.1% and 6.0%, respectively, in 1998 to 2000 to 8.0% and 8.7% in 2004 to 2006, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased from 8.4% and 9.8% to 6.9% and 7.8%. During the interval, mean age-adjusted body mass index increased by 0.57 kg/m 2 in boys and 0.58 kg/m 2 in girls. Mean age-and height-adjusted systolic BP decreased by Ϫ3.0 mm Hg in boys and Ϫ2.8 mm Hg in girls, whereas mean diastolic BP did not change substantially in boys (Ϫ0.2 mm Hg) and increased slightly in girls (0.4 mm Hg). Conclusion-At a population level, the marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in the Seychelles was not associated with a commensurate secular rise in mean BP. (Circulation. 2009;119:558-565.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

et al. 2009

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“…1,2 Because obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension and several types of cancer including cancers of the colon, kidney and pancreas, early prevention of obesity has become of great importance. 3,4 Thus, to identify the factors for the pathogenesis of obesity and to develop methods for diagnosing obesity and its associated diseases at an early stage for their prevention are urgent issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered levels of serum sphingomyelin and ceramide containing distinct acyl chains in young obese adults

et al. 2014

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Objective:Recent studies indicate that sphingolipids, sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer) are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. However, detailed profiles of serum sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of this syndrome are lacking. Here we have investigated the relationship between the molecular species of sphingolipids in serum and the clinical features of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and atherogenic dyslipidemia.Subjects:We collected serum from obese (body mass index, BMI⩾35, n=12) and control (BMI=20−22, n=11) volunteers (18−27 years old), measured the levels of molecular species of SM and Cer in the serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed the parameters for insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism by biochemical blood test.Results:The SM C18:0 and C24:0 levels were higher, and the C20:0 and C22:0 levels tended to be higher in the obese group than in the control group. SM C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 significantly correlated with the parameters for obesity, insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism, respectively. In addition, some Cer species tended to correlate with these parameters. However, SM species containing unsaturated acyl chains and most of the Cer species were not associated with these parameters.Conclusions:The present results demonstrate that the high levels of serum SM species with distinct saturated acyl chains (C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0) closely correlate with the parameters of obesity, insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism, suggesting that these SM species are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and serve as novel biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases.

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“…Obesity is a risk factor for insulin resis- tance and pancreatic β-cells are likely to secrete more insulin when compensating for insulin resistance. The dysfunction of β-cells may cause pre-diabetes, a condition ultimately leading to diabetes (32). Notably, the mtDNA genome assay detected a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation A8890G in the patient and was not observed in other members of the family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation, A8890G, in a patient with juvenile-onset metabolic syndrome: A case report

Chen

Jin

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder characterized by a group of metabolic abnormalities. In the present study, the case of an 18-year-old male who presented with MS characteristics with central obesity (overweight and a waist circumference of 95 cm) and dyslipidemia (high TG, low HDL levels and low apoA-I/apoB-100) was reported. The patient's family has maternally inherited diabetes and a number of the patient's maternal relatives present MS features. For the investigation of the mitochondrial DNA variants in the patient and the patient's family, genomic DNA of all the family members were extracted from peripheral blood using routine methods. Amplification of mitochondrial DNA in 24 overlapping fragments by PCR, direct sequencing and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was utilized for genetic analysis. Sequences were compared to the reference sequence to identify variants. Bioinformatic methods and databases were used to analyze conservation of the variants and to predict the protein secondary structure. With the exception of the patient, five relatives were diagnosed with MS. Moreover, 5 of the 8 family members had been diagnosed with diabetes, hearing loss and mild kidney impairment according to serum biochemical analysis. Further molecular genetic analysis indicated that the MS-associated variant T16189C was detected in this family. Notably, a heteroplasmic mutation A8890G was detected in the patient in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene, which codes the ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATPase6). A8890G changed the highly conserved ATPase6 Lys 122 into Glu 122 in the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, this mutation was not detected in other family members. In conclusion, the mutation A8890G may affect the function of ATPase 6 and the production of ATP, thus contributing to juvenile-onset MS. It was not detected in other family members possibly due to the mitochondrial genetic segregation or production of a new germline mutation in the juvenile-onset patient. IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (1) is a complex disorder, characterized by a group of metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipaemia and central obesity, which are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is a high prevalence of MS in developed countries. According to the national health statistic reports issued in 2009 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003Survey -2006, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the USA, is 34% in the population of 20 years of age. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased in different age groups for the two genders (2). However, in recent years, the prevalence of MS has increased at an alarming rate in developing countries and districts of Asia An unhealthy lifestyle, including lack of physical exercise, bad nutritional habits, hormone changes and aging factors are associated with the onset of MS (6). However the two important risk factors for MS are central obesity and insulin resistance (7). Individuals with excess abdom...

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Why Young Adults Hold the Key to Assessing the Obesity Epidemic in Children

Cited by 52 publications

References 63 publications

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

Altered levels of serum sphingomyelin and ceramide containing distinct acyl chains in young obese adults

A novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation, A8890G, in a patient with juvenile-onset metabolic syndrome: A case report

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