Wide‐Angle Wind‐driven Bipolar Outflows: High‐Resolution Models with Application to Source I of the Becklin‐Neugebauer/Kleinmann‐Low OMC‐I Region

Cunningham, A. J.; Frank, Adam; Hartmann, L.

doi:10.1086/432658

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, introducing the cavity is necessary since we see "walls" at the disk periphery in the color-temperature maps, and it is consistent with the outflow arising from Source I. The cavity is also consistent with previous simulations by Cunningham et al (2005), as it produces a wide-angle outflow. The flat and thick disk between 50 and 400 AU acts as an opaque screen that attenuates the light from the southern-far-side nebula.…”

Section: Disk Models Of the Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of the Protostellar Disk Around Radio Source I in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula

Sitarski

Morris

et al. 2013

ApJ

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We have made the first detection of a near-infrared counterpart associated with the disk around Radio Source "I," a massive protostar in the Kleinmann-Low Nebula in Orion using imaging with laser guide star adaptive optics on the Keck II telescope. The infrared emission is evident in images acquired using L (3.8 µm) and M s (4.7 µm) filters and is not detectable at K (2.1 µm). The observed morphology strongly suggests that we are seeing some combination of scattered and thermal light emanating from the disk. The disk is also manifest in the L /M s flux ratio image. We interpret the nearinfrared emission as the illuminated surface of a nearly edge-on disk, oriented so that only the northern face is visible; the opposite surface remains hidden by the disk. We do not see infrared radiation associated directly with the star proposed to be associated with Source "I." The data also suggest that there is a cavity above and below the disk that is oriented perpendicular to the disk, and is sculpted by the known, strong outflow from the inner disk of Source I. We compare our data to models of a protostar with a surrounding disk, envelope, and wind-blown cavity in order to elucidate the nature of the disk around Radio Source I.

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Section: Disk Models Of the Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of the Protostellar Disk Around Radio Source I in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula

Sitarski

Morris

et al. 2013

ApJ

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“…(similar to Cunningham et al 2005). The values for the massloss rate were chosen to match the values found by Beuther et al (2004).…”

Section: Wind From the Embedded Protostarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent entrainment origin of protostellar outflows

Qiu

Wyrowski

et al. 2013

A&A

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Protostellar outflow is a prominent process that accompanies the formation of stars. It is generally agreed that wide-angled protostellar outflows come from the interaction between the wind from a forming star and the ambient gas. However, it is still unclear how the interaction takes place. In this work, we theoretically investigate the possibility that the outflow results from interaction between the wind and the ambient gas in the form of turbulent entrainment. In contrast to the previous models, turbulent motion of the ambient gas around the protostar is taken into account. In our model, the ram-pressure of the wind balances the turbulent ram-pressure of the ambient gas, and the outflow consists of the ambient gas entrained by the wind. The calculated outflow from our modelling exhibits a conical shape. The total mass of the outflow is determined by the turbulent velocity of the envelope as well as the outflow age, and the velocity of the outflow is several times higher than the velocity dispersion of the ambient gas. The outflow opening angle increases with the strength of the wind and decreases with the increasing ambient gas turbulence. The outflow exhibits a broad line width at every position. We propose that the turbulent entrainment process, which happens ubiquitously in nature, plays a universal role in shaping protostellar outflows.

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“…between the outflowing material from VLA1623 and the dense ambient material, rather than protostellar components. Indeed, it has been suggested (Lee et al 2001;Cunningham et al 2005) that the interaction between circumstellar material and outflowing material is likely to create high-density regions in the cavity walls, where the development of a shear layer could also be the site of maser and free-free emission. Interpretation of Knot-A as a protostellar companion of VLA1623, which is based on the detection of 2.7-mm continuum emission towards both sources by Looney et al (2000), has been proposed when no millimeter continuum emission towards Knot-B had been reported yet.…”

Section: Nature Of the Detected Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subarcsecond SMA observations of the prototype Class 0 object VLA1623 at 1.3 mm: a single protostar with a structured outflow cavity?

Maury¹,

Ohashi

André

2012

A&A

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We present 1.3-mm subarcsecond SMA observations of the prototypical Class 0 protostar VLA1623. We report the detection of 1.3-mm continuum emission both from the central protostellar component VLA1623 and two additional sources, Knot-A and Knot-B, which have been already detected at longer wavelengths. Knot-A and Knot-B are both located along the western cavity wall opened by the protostellar outflow from VLA1623. Our SMA observations moreover show that these two continuum sources are associated with bright, high-velocity 12 CO(2-1) emission, slightly shifted downstream of the outflow propagation direction with respect to the 1.3-mm continuum emission peaks. The alignment of Knot-A and Knot-B along the protostellar outflow cavity, the compactness of their 1.3-mm continuum emission, and the properties of the associated CO emission suggest that these two sources trace outflow features due to shocks along the cavity wall, rather than protostellar objects. While it was considered as one of the best examples of a close protobinary system so far, the present analysis suggests that the prototypical Class 0, VLA1623, is single on the scales a > 100 AU probed by our SMA observations. Moreover, we present here the second robust case of compact millimeter continuum emission produced by interactions between the protostellar jet and the envelope of a Class 0 protostar, which suggests a high occurrence of these outflow features during the embedded phase.

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Wide‐Angle Wind‐driven Bipolar Outflows: High‐Resolution Models with Application to Source I of the Becklin‐Neugebauer/Kleinmann‐Low OMC‐I Region

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of the Protostellar Disk Around Radio Source I in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula

Keck Adaptive Optics Observations of the Protostellar Disk Around Radio Source I in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula

Turbulent entrainment origin of protostellar outflows

Subarcsecond SMA observations of the prototype Class 0 object VLA1623 at 1.3 mm: a single protostar with a structured outflow cavity?

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