Wide Azimuth 3D 4C OBC – A Key Breakthrough to Lead to the Development of Hild Field

Vaxelaire, D.; Kravik, K.; Bertini, F.; Mougenot, J.M.

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.201401511

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Other hybrid OBC surveys are reported for the Caspian Sea Azeri and Gunashli fields (Bouska and Johnston, 2005), for the North Sea Hild field (Vaxelaire et al, 2007), and for the North Sea Andrew satellites (Padmos et al, 2010). Hybrid geometry has also been acquired by life-of-field seismic (LoFS) 1 techniques across Valhall in the North Sea (Kommedal et al, 2004;Nolte et al, 2004) and on land in Oman (Bouska, 2009(Bouska, , 2010Sambell et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hybrid Geometrymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hybrid geometry data are acquired with permanently buried OBCs, such as BP's life of field seismic program in Valhall (Nolte et al, 2004), or with conventional OBC (Rognø et al, 1999;Bouska and Johnston, 2005;Vaxelaire et al, 2007). Hybrid geometry has been acquired on land in Oman (Bouska, 2009(Bouska, , 2010Sambell et al, 2010).…”

Section: Examples Of Various Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to parallel and orthogonal geometry, hybrid geometry is chosen quite often as well, using cables laid out at the sea bottom (Bouska and Johnston, 2005;Vaxelaire et al, 2007) or buried in the sea bottom (Nolte et al, 2004). In these hybrid geometries, there is a dense sampling of receivers along the cables (25 m) and a distance of 300-450 m between the cables, supplemented with a dense areal coverage of shots.…”

Section: Geometries For Obc Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The areal geometry is used in node acquisition Vázquez Garcia et al, 2005;Beaudoin and Ross, 2007). The use of areal geometry tends to be practical only with 3D receiver gathers and not with 3D shot gathers.…”

Section: Areal Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An early commercial application of OBN acquisition was conducted by SeaBed Geophysical (now part of Fugro) for Pemex across the Cantarell complex in 2003 (Vázquez Garcia et al, 2005). More than 1600 4C/3D receiver gathers were acquired with seven swaths, each consisting of 232 (29 × 8) nodes spaced in a 400 × 400-m grid.…”

Section: Ocean-bottom Seismometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

3D Seismic Survey Design, Second edition

Vermeer¹

2012

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Section: Hybrid Geometrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Examples Of Various Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometries For Obc Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Areal Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ocean-bottom Seismometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

3D Seismic Survey Design, Second edition

Vermeer¹

2012

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Quality control for the geophone reorientation of ocean bottom seismic data using k‐means clustering

Jeong

Almubarak

Tsingas

2021

Geophysical Prospecting

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During ocean bottom seismic acquisition, seafloor multicomponent geophones located in rugose and sloping water bottom can be affected by skewed energy distribution, such as leaked shear energy on the vertical geophones and leaked compressional energy on the horizontal geophones. To correct for the tilted energy distribution, which is one of most effective preprocessing steps, a geophone reorientation step is applied. This is a simple and straightforward process that applies a 3‐dimensional rotation matrix with respect to the orientation angles. Since the reorientation process highly affects the outcome of the entire data processing workflow, it has to be accompanied by a careful quality control process to verify its validity for the whole survey area. In this study, we propose a quality control workflow for the geophone reorientation by using unsupervised machine learning. A correlation analysis is employed to compare numerical versus analytical solutions of both the azimuth and the incidence angles for the direct arrivals. A comparison of both solutions aims to generate correlation coefficients that are indicative of the accuracy of geophone orientation. The correlation coefficients are subsequently investigated by the k‐means clustering algorithm to differentiate and identify normally and abnormally deployed/reoriented geophones. Numerical experiments on a field ocean bottom seismic data set confirm that the proposed workflow effectively provides reliable labels for normally and abnormally deployed/reoriented geophones. The labelling assigned by the proposed quality control workflow is a suitable indicator for abnormalities in the geophone reorientation step and will be helpful for further investigation, such as re‐correction or removal of abnormally reoriented geophones.

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3D symmetric sampling of sparse acquisition geometries

Vermeer¹

2010

GEOPHYSICS

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3D symmetric sampling introduced in the 1990s is characterized by dense sampling of two of the four spatial coordinates. The two sparsely sampled coordinates determine the periodicity of the geometry and the dimension of the offset-vector tiles that can be used to generate pseudocommon-offset-vector gathers. These gathers turn out to be useful for prestack processing applications, such as regularization, migration velocity analysis, and azimuthal anisotropy analysis. Although single-point acquisition is the ideal acquisition method, it is not necessarily better than array-based acquisition. Field arrays are still useful in suppressing noise and need not harm signal in most practical cases. In hybrid geometries three spatial coordinates are sampled densely. In all published cases at least two of the three are sampled quite coarsely and may not provide the best quality for the given trace density. Coil geometry (sailing in circles) is a special case of wide-azimuth towed streamer acquisition. It is essentially a random geometry that should be modifiable into a geometry with regularly sampled midpoints, absolute offsets and azimuths. Despite recent technological developments, the basic idea of 3D symmetric sampling still is a highly useful principle for the design of land and marine 3D seismic surveys.

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Wide Azimuth 3D 4C OBC – A Key Breakthrough to Lead to the Development of Hild Field

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

3D Seismic Survey Design, Second edition

3D Seismic Survey Design, Second edition

Quality control for the geophone reorientation of ocean bottom seismic data using k‐means clustering

3D symmetric sampling of sparse acquisition geometries

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