Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite/Gallium Arsenide Tandem Solar Cells

Abstract

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) cells have been widely investigated due to their merits such as thin‐film feasibility, flexibility, and high efficiency. To further increase their performance, a wider bandgap PV structure such as indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) has been integrated in two‐terminal (2T) tandem configuration. However, it increases the overall fabrication cost, complicated tunnel‐junction diode connecting subcells are inevitable, and materials are limited by lattice matching. Here, high‐efficiency and stable wide‐bandgap perovskite PVs having comparable bandgap to InGaP (1.8–1.9 eV) are developed, which can be stable low‐cost add‐on layers to further enhance the performance of GaAs PVs as tandem configurations by showing an efficiency improvement from 21.68% to 24.27% (2T configuration) and 25.19% (4T configuration). This approach is also feasible for thin‐film GaAs PV, essential to reduce its fabrication cost for commercialization, with performance increasing from 21.85% to 24.32% and superior flexibility (1000 times bending) in a tandem configuration. Additionally, potential routes to over 30% stable perovskite/GaAs tandems, comparable to InGaP/GaAs with lower cost, are considered. This work can be an initial step to reach the objective of improving the usability of GaAs PV technology with enhanced performance for applications for which lightness and flexibility are crucial, without a significant additional cost increase.

Nickel Oxide for Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells

“…[ 146 ] As a partner of PSCs in double‐junction tandem solar cell (TSC) structures, perovskite having different bandgaps, silicon ( E g = ≈1.12 eV) and copper indium gallium selenide ( E g = ≈1.1 eV), have been widely investigated, and a tandem cell built on a compound semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) was recently demonstrated by our research group. [ 147–149 ] In this section, we especially focus on the TSC devices, which are composed of NiO x ‐based PSCs, and the role of NiO x in those TSCs will be discussed.…”

Effects of mixed-valence states of Eu-doped FAPbI3 perovskite crystals studied by first-principles calculation

“…The wide-band gap perovskite tandem solar cell with multiterminal configuration using silicon and gallium arsenide has been developed for the practical use of photovoltaic devices. 4,5 The photovoltaic properties were influenced by chemical elements and the crystalline structure in the active layer. [6][7][8] The photovoltaic performance was based on optimization with tuning of the electronic structure, band gap, and the effective mass related to the carrier mobility.…”

An Exploration of All‐Inorganic Perovskite/Gallium Arsenide Tandem Solar Cells

“…To further improve the absorption of 4‐T perovskite/GaAs tandem solar cells, it is necessary to provide a suitable ARC for the devices. We introduce LiF [ 29,44 ] with excellent antireflection performance in the study and place it on top of the tandem solar cells as ARC. As shown in Figure a, the total PCE increases to some extent after the introduction of ARC.…”

“…For the comprehensive consideration of conductivity and photon absorption rate, the maximum total efficiency can be achieved by setting the thickness of ITO to 30 nm. Furthermore, independent GaAs bottom cell can use ARC (MgF 2 ) [ 29,44 ] and metal electrode instead of ITO to achieve lower absorption loss, resulting in an improvement in the light absorption of 650–770 nm, as shown in Figure 4f. By introducing appropriate ARC and optimizing the thickness of the front ITO electrode, the total PCE of the 4‐T perovskite/GaAs tandem solar cells increases from 28.90% to 29.91%.…”

“…Due to better thermal stability of all‐inorganic perovskites, [ 28 ] new opportunities are opened up for PSCs to produce energy efficiently and stably in space. Park and co‐workers [ 29 ] reported the perovskite/gallium arsenide (GaAs) tandem device with the PCE of 24.27% for 2‐T configuration and 25.19% for 4‐T configuration. Compared with traditional GaAs double‐junction solar cells, perovskite/GaAs tandem solar cells have lower fabrication costs and simpler tunnel junctions.…”