Wide-bandgap polymer donors for non-fullerene organic solar cells

Cao, Jiamin; Yi, Lifei; Zhang, Lixiu; Zou, Yingping; Ding, Liming

doi:10.1039/d2ta07463j

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…This could explain the best FF of MC8-4Cl solar cells. 59,60 The blend film morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). 61 The height and phase images are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused-ring electron acceptors with a macrocyclic side chain

Nie,

An,

Meng

et al. 2023

Mater. Chem. Front.

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“…This could explain the best FF of MC8-4Cl solar cells. 59,60 The blend film morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). 61 The height and phase images are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused-ring electron acceptors with a macrocyclic side chain

Nie,

An,

Meng

et al. 2023

Mater. Chem. Front.

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“…The exploration of quinoxaline or imide‐based acceptor moieties should be concerned, which has been demonstrated as an achievable method to obtain efficient D‐A copolymer donors. [ 103 ] 3) More efforts should be also devoted to improving the stability of APSCs rather than simply considering how to increase the efficiency of APSCs with the ultimate goal of commercialization. The APSCs with a one‐pot polymerization strategy usually possess superior photostability, thermal stability, and mechanical robustness than the binary blend‐based APSCs, which should be also concerned in future research direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of All Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 15%

et al. 2023

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New substitutes are urgently needed for human beings to satisfy the development of society with the consumption and exhaustion of fossil energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas. The photovoltaic technology has been considered as a promising approach to deal with the energy crisis, which enables the use of solar energy in a renewable manner. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention characterizing of low cost, lightweight, flexibility, tunable color, transparency, environmentally friendly features, etc. PSCs exhibit promising applications in flexible portable electronic equipment and photovoltaic integration of buildings in addition to traditional power generation. Benefiting from the development of various functional layer materials, device structure, and manufacturing process, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has been significantly improved to 18-19%, signifying the coming of dawn for commercial application of PSCs. Among all kinds of PSCs, all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) with polymeric semiconductors as donor and acceptor possess increasingly attractive due to their unique advantages of mechanical flexibility, morphology stability, and good film formation property, which is more suitable for large-scale production.The earliest appearance of APSCs can be dated back to 1995. In 1995, Heeger et al. prepared APSCs using CN-PPV as acceptor and MEH-PPV as donor, producing a PCE of 0.9%. [1] The relatively low PCE at the time is mainly due to the low electron mobility of polymer acceptor on order of 10 À7 %10 À5 cm 2 V À1 s À1 magnitude. Many efforts were then devoted to developing polymer acceptor with higher electron mobility. The development of APSCs was pushed forward with the design and synthesis of naphthalene diimide-(NDI-) and perylenediimide-(PDI-) based polymer acceptors. For example, Yan et al. reported representative NDI-based polymer N2200 in 2009, which was used to prepare field-effect transistors and presented a high electron mobility of 10 À3 cm 2 V À1 s À1 magnitude. [2] Even with the high mobility, the PCE of initial N2200based APSCs was still limited by unsatisfactory phase separation and molecular packing in blend films. [3] The polymer donor having compatible morphology with PDI-and NDI-based polymer acceptor was gradually developed, which triggered the further performance improvement of APSCs, such as the representative polymer donor PTB7, PPDT2FBT, PTB7-Th, PBDTTPD, J71, PBDB-T, and PTzBI-Si, etc. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In 2019, a PCE of 11.76% was reported by Zhu et al. with PTzBI-Si:N2200 as the active layer, which was processed with MeTHF and fabricated by slot die printing. [11] In addition to NDI or PDI-based polymer acceptors, the B←N, diketopyrrolopyrrole-, or cyanobenzothiadiazolebased copolymers have also been explored as a new class of polymer acceptors to control the molecular aggregation state or energy levels. [12][13][14] It should be noticed that the relatively weak

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“…The development of electron donors (p-type organic semiconductors) and electron acceptors (n-type organic semiconductors) is one of the crucial issues in improving the performance of OPVs. In the past two decades, an enormous number of π-conjugated polymer donors have been designed and synthesized, which resulted in remarkable increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). − For the design of π-conjugated polymers, it is important to have their backbone rigid and coplanar, which would lead to strong π–π stacking because such a structure facilitates the charge transport. , In order to realize a rigid and coplanar backbone, extended fused rings are typically incorporated into the π-conjugated backbone. − ,, However, the preparation of extended fused rings requires a number of synthetic steps, which are not cost-effective in particular when one considers combining π-conjugated polymers with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)NFAs also requires a number of synthetic steps. − Recently, polythiophenes, which can be synthesized by less synthetic steps, have been the focus of attention as the pair of NFAs. − However, very likely due to the more flexible backbone relative to the fused-ring-based polymers, those polythiophenes typically possess fluorine and/or ester groups as the substituents (side chains), which can induce noncovalent intramolecular interactions and thus can coplanarize the backbone . It is noted that such fluorine and ester groups also play an important role in deepening the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, thereby enhancing the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) of the OPV cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple π-Conjugated Polymers Based on Bithiazole for Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics

Teshima,

Yamanaka,

Sato

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Thiazole, as a family of five-membered heteroaromatic rings, is an interesting building unit that can play a role in coplanarizing the backbone as well as deepening the HOMO energy level, which is beneficial for the design of π-conjugated polymers for the photoactive materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, we designed and synthesized πconjugated polymers with simple chemical structures, which consist of 2,2′bithiazole or 5,5′-bithiazole and alkylthiophenes as the polymer backbone. In fact, the polymers can be easily synthesized in much fewer steps compared to the typical high-performance polymers based on fused heteroaromatic rings. Interestingly, PTN5 exhibited a markedly higher ordered structure than PTN2. This was likely ascribed to the more coplanar and rigid backbone of PTN5 than that of PTN2 originating in the effectively arranged S•••N interaction. As a result, the nonfullerene photovoltaic cell based on PTN5 showed a PCE of 12.2%, which was much higher than the cell based on PTN2 (4.3%) and was high for the polymers consisting of only nonfused rings. These results demonstrate that thiazole-based polymers are promising photoactive materials for OPVs and emphasize the importance of careful molecular design utilizing noncovalent interactions.

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Wide-bandgap polymer donors for non-fullerene organic solar cells

Abstract: High-performance wide-bandgap (WBG) polymer donors is one of the key factors in determining the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Up to now, thousands of polymer...

Cited by 34 publications

References 97 publications

Fused-ring electron acceptors with a macrocyclic side chain

Fused-ring electron acceptors with a macrocyclic side chain

Recent Progress of All Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 15%

Simple π-Conjugated Polymers Based on Bithiazole for Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics

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