Wide dispersal and deposition of distal tephra during the Pleistocene ‘Campanian Ignimbrite/Y5’ eruption, Italy

Pyle, David M.; Ricketts, Graham D.; Margari, Vasiliki; Andel, Tjeerd H. van; Sinitsyn, Andrei; Praslov, N. D.; Lisitsyn, Sergey

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.06.008

Cited by 197 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The first application involves the correlation of widespread (distal) deposits from very large (Plinian) and relatively infrequent explosive eruptions (e.g. Machida and Arai, 1983;Pyle et al, 2006). Volcanic ash may be transported vast distances.…”

Section: Rationale and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tephra fallout deposits are the basis of tephrochronology, because they can be emplaced over a wide area and form a stratigraphic marker of equivalent time across all the sequences in which they are preserved (e.g. Pyle et al, 2006;Lane et al, 2012).…”

Section: Volcanic Sedimentation In Oceanic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruddiman and Glover, 1972;Schneider et al, 2001;Trofimovs et al, 2006;Manville et al, 2009;Hunt et al, 2011) If this can be achieved, and if these tephra deposits are preserved within an environment of continuous sediment accumulation, then subaqueous sediment cores can be used to produce explosive eruption records that are more complete, and which have better age-constraints, than those typically derived from subaerial deposits. Marine and lacustrine sediments can thus provide a medium by which to assess the periodicity of eruptions and potential hazards posed by volcanoes, across a range of temporal and spatial scales (McGuire et al, 1997;Pyle et al, 2006;Carel et al, 2011;Kutterolf et al, 2008Kutterolf et al, , 2013Watt et al, 2013;Van Daele et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Cassidy

Watt

Palmer

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

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Detailed knowledge of the past history of an active volcano is crucial for the prediction of the timing, frequency and style of future eruptions, and for the identification of potentially at-risk areas. Subaerial volcanic stratigraphies are often incomplete, due to a lack of exposure, or burial and erosion from subsequent eruptions. However, many volcanic eruptions produce widelydispersed explosive products that are frequently deposited as tephra layers in the sea. Cores of marine sediment therefore have the potential to provide more complete volcanic stratigraphies, at least for explosive eruptions. Nevertheless, problems such as bioturbation and dispersal by currents affect the preservation and subsequent detection of marine tephra deposits.Consequently, cryptotephras, in which tephra grains are not sufficiently concentrated to form layers that are visible to the naked eye, may be the only record of many explosive eruptions.Additionally, thin, reworked deposits of volcanic clasts transported by floods and landslides, or during pyroclastic density currents may be incorrectly interpreted as tephra fallout layers, leading to the construction of inaccurate records of volcanism. This work uses samples from the volcanic island of Montserrat as a case study to test different techniques for generating volcanic eruption records from marine sediment cores, with a particular relevance to cores sampled in relatively proximal settings (i.e. tens of kilometres from the volcanic source) where volcaniclastic material may form a pervasive component of the sedimentary sequence. Visible volcaniclastic deposits identified by sedimentological logging were used to test the effectiveness of potential alternative volcaniclastic-deposit detection techniques, including point counting of grain types (component analysis), glass or mineral chemistry, colour spectrophotometry, grain size measurements, XRF core scanning, magnetic susceptibility and X-radiography. This study demonstrates that a set of time-efficient, non-destructive and high-spatial-resolution analyses (e.g. XRF core-scanning and magnetic susceptibility) can be used effectively to detect potential cryptotephra horizons in marine sediment cores. Once these horizons have been sampled, microscope image analysis of volcaniclastic grains can be used successfully to discriminate between tephra fallout deposits and other volcaniclastic deposits, by using specific criteria Page | 3 related to clast morphology and sorting. Standard practice should be employed when analysing marine sediment cores to accurately identify both visible tephra and cryptotephra deposits, and to distinguish fallout deposits from other volcaniclastic deposits.

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Section: Rationale and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanic Sedimentation In Oceanic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Cassidy

Watt

Palmer

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…Moreover, the thickness of PT0915-7 (19 cm) and the trimodal composition of glass shards are particular fingerprints of the well-known Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption from the Campi Flegrei (e.g., Orsi et al, 1996;Civetta et al, 1997;Giaccio et al, 2008). The CI eruption is one of the largest explosive eruptions of the Mediterranean region (Pyle et al, 2006) and can be sub-divided into an early phase with the most-evolved deposits and a final phase related to the caldera collapse with less-evolved deposits (e.g., Civetta et al, 1997;Pappalardo et al, 1999). The different eruptive phases comprised different zones of a strongly zoned trachytic magma chamber (Fedele et al, 2007), which is seen in three different alkali ratios (Table 4).…”

Section: Pt0915-7/y-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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A detailed tephrostratigraphic record, which dates back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (ca. 91 kyr), has been established from a 17.76 m long core (Co1215) from Lake Prespa (Macedonia, Albania and Greece). A total of eleven tephra and cryptotephra layers (PT0915-1 to PT0915-11) were identified, using XRF scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and macro- and microscopic inspection of the sediments. The major element composition of glass shards and/or micro-pumice fragments indicates that the tephras and cryptotephras originate from the explosive volcanism of Italy. Eight tephra and cryptotephra layers were correlated with specific volcanic eruptions: the AD 512 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (1438 cal yr BP), the Mercato eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (8890 ± 90 cal yr BP), the Tufi Biancastri/LN1-LN2 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (14 749 ± 523 cal yr BP and 15 551 ± 621 cal yr BP), the SMP1-e/Y-3 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (30 000-31 000 cal yr BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (39 280 ± 110 cal yr BP), the SMP1-a event of Ischia Island (around 44 000 cal yr BP) and the Green Tuff/Y-6 eruption of Pantelleria Island (around 45 000 cal yr BP). One tephra could be attributed to the volcanic activity of Mount Etna, but probably represents an unknown eruption at ca. 60 000 cal yr BP. Cryptotephras PT0915-6 and PT0915-10 remain unclassified so far, but according to the presented age-depth model these would have been deposited around 35 000 and 48 500 cal yr BP, respectively. Some of the tephras and cryptotephras are recognised for the first time in the Balkan region. The tephrostratigraphic work provides important information about ash dispersal and explosion patterns of source volcanoes and can be used to correlate and date geographically distant paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives in the central Mediterranean region. Moreover, the tephrostratigraphic work in combination with radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a precondition for paleoclimatic reconstructions inferred from the sediment succession Co1215

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“…The main structural element is represented by a wide caldera (the Phlegrean caldera- Fig. 3), individuated after the volcano-tectonic collapse following the emplacement of the Campanian Ignimbrite, a large pyroclastic flow, which covered the whole plain about 35 ka (Barberi et al 1978;Rosi et al 1996Rosi et al , 1999Civetta et al 1997;Pappalardo et al 1999;Signorelli et al 2001;Fedele et al 2002Fedele et al , 2008Rolandi et al 2003;Marianelli et al 2006;Pyle et al 2006). Within the Phlegrean caldera and along its margins, the volcanic activity continued into historical times.…”

Section: Geo-volcanologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

2012

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A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.

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Wide dispersal and deposition of distal tephra during the Pleistocene ‘Campanian Ignimbrite/Y5’ eruption, Italy

Cited by 197 publications

References 54 publications

Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies)

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

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