Wide Frequency Characterization of Intra-Body Communication for Leadless Pacemakers

Maldari, Mirko; Albatat, Mohammad; Bergsland, Jacob; Haddab, Y.; Jabbour, Chadi; Desgreys, Patricia

doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.2980205

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, it is rather difficult to produce solutions that emulate the electrical properties of human tissues in a wide range of frequencies [ 192 , 193 ], so a single phantom can be used at specified frequency or in a narrow frequency band. Human body phantoms described in the literature were mostly intended for microwave frequencies [ 193 ] and there were only few papers dealing with recipes for tissue-equivalent phantoms below 200 MHz, especially for tissues other than muscle [ 192 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 ]. Ingredients for muscle phantom preparation were usually water, sodium chloride, and aluminum powder (13.56–100 MHz; to increase permittivity of aqueous solution) or polyethylene powder (200–2450 MHz; to reduce permittivity) [ 194 ].…”

Section: State Of the Art: Emerging Technologies For The Wbs Applimentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Čuljak

Vasić

Mihaldinec

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent years there has been an increasing need for miniature, low-cost, commercially accessible, and user-friendly sensor solutions for wireless body area networks (WBAN), which has led to the adoption of new physical communication interfaces providing distinctive advantages over traditional wireless technologies. Ultra-wideband (UWB) and intrabody communication (IBC) have been the subject of intensive research in recent years due to their promising characteristics as means for short-range, low-power, and low-data-rate wireless interfaces for interconnection of various sensors and devices placed on, inside, or in the close vicinity of the human body. The need for safe and standardized solutions has resulted in the development of two relevant standards, IEEE 802.15.4 (for UWB) and IEEE 802.15.6 (for UWB and IBC), respectively. This paper presents an in-depth overview of recent studies and advances in the field of application of UWB and IBC technologies for wireless body sensor communication systems.

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Section: State Of the Art: Emerging Technologies For The Wbs Applimentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Čuljak

Vasić

Mihaldinec

et al. 2020

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Previous work has found good cardiac signal transmission in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 20 MHz [10], [11]. Considering patient safety, signal transmission and transceiver power consumption, the four data rates of 75 kbps, 150 kbps, 300 kbps, and 500 kbps were investigated in this work.…”

Section: A Modulation Scheme and Communication Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LNA and VGA together realize a flat frequency characteristic from 10 kHz to 10 MHz, in order to identically amplify the BB-MAN and the OOK signals. The LNA was designed to have a relatively high input impedance Z in = (23 kΩ 1 pF), to have a negligible impact on the channel attenuation over the entire frequency range used in this study [11]. Following amplification the differential BB-MAN signal is converted to single-ended and filtered by a second-order composite band-pass filter.…”

Section: B Electronic Prototypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation Scheme Analysis for Low-Power Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization Based on Conductive Intracardiac Communication

Ryser

Schmid

Bereuter

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) has been demonstrated as a promising concept for the synchronization of multi-chamber leadless cardiac pacemakers (LLPMs). To meet the 2-5 µW power budget of a LLPM, highly specialized CIC-transceivers, which make optimal use of the cardiac communication channel, need to be developed. However, a detailed investigation of the optimal communication parameters for CIC-based LLPM synchronization is missing so far. This work analyzes the intracardiac communication performance of two low-power modulation techniques, namely On-Off-Keying (OOK) and Manchesterencoded baseband transmission (BB-MAN), as a function of the transmitted bit-energy. The bit error rate (BER) of a prototype dual-chamber LLPM was determined both in simulation and invitro experiments on porcine hearts. A BER of 1e−4 was achieved with a median bit-energy in the range of 3-16 pJ (interquartile range: 4-15 pJ) for data rates from 75-500 kbps and a receiver Manuscript

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“…Another advantage of using rather low operating frequency is its lower power consumption and less complex circuits for signal generation. Also due to the very long wavelength in this frequency range, the radiation of the signal in the environment is very low which makes it difficult to sniff the signal from distance, so it is more secure than RF signals which naturally have sensible radiation because of their shorter wavelength [17]. The designed data rate for the link is 64 kbps.…”

Section: Transmitter Setup and Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic Impulse Wireless Communication for Biomedical Implants

2021

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Wireless intra-body communication is a promising approach for providing efficient and secure connectivity for medical implants. The low power consumption of the electronics and the conductivity of the biological tissues facilitate the system implementation, which makes the technique more powerefficient than the traditional radio frequency wireless systems. The galvanic intra-body communication uses the electrical current for signal transmission in the conductive medium of the biological tissues. In this paper, we propose an ultra-low-power communication approach by implementing a galvanic impulse method for communication between an implant and an on-body device. The communication system is designed, manufactured with off-the-shelf electronic components, and measured in the phantom and in-vivo animal experiment. The implant power consumption is 45 µW for the data rate of 64 kbps with a bit error percentage below 0.5% for the implant depth of 14 cm. The design supports long-lasting battery-powered implant sensory and communication system. INDEX TERMS Galvanic coupling, intra-body communication, biomedical implants, biomedical electronics, ultra-wideband.

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Wide Frequency Characterization of Intra-Body Communication for Leadless Pacemakers

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Modulation Scheme Analysis for Low-Power Leadless Pacemaker Synchronization Based on Conductive Intracardiac Communication

Galvanic Impulse Wireless Communication for Biomedical Implants

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