Wideband 3D characterization of mobile radio channels in urban environment

Abstract

This paper describes three-dimensional (3-D) radio channel measurements at the base site in an urban environment. We Introduce a measurement concept which combines an RF switched receiver array and a synthetic aperture technique and allows full 3-D characterization of the channel. Additionally, dualpolarized patch antennas as array elements enable full determination of the polarization properties of the impinging signals. We describe measurements at over 70 different transmitter positions and three receiver array sites with different sectors and antenna heights. Our results show that the received energy is concentrated within identifiable clusters in the azimuth-elevation-delay domain. We demonstrate that the observed propagation mechanisms are mainly determined by the environment close to the base station. Street canyon propagation dominates also when the receiver array is at or even above rooftop level with the studied measurement distances. Thus, the azimuth spectrum at the BS site is fairly independent of the location of the mobile. Signal components propagating over the rooftop are often related to reflections from high-rise buildings in the surroundings.

Evolution Trends of Wireless MIMO Channel Modeling towards IMT-Advanced

“…The concept of the double-directional channel was first introduced in [22] and since then, many channel measurement and modeling works based on this concept were reported in the literature [23]- [31]. Such a model is useful for MIMO systems since it includes angular information at both the BS and the MS, and it is more well-known among the industrials as simply MIMO channel.…”

Signal Power Distribution in the Azimuth, Elevation and Time Delay Domains in Urban Environments for Various Elevations of Base Station Antenna

“…The classification defines three propagation classes: street-guided propagation (class 1), direct propagation over the rooftop (class 2), and scattering reflection from high-rise objects (class 3). We will compare our proposed stochastic approach with measurements carried out in Helsinki [21], [22]. As can be summarized from results obtained in those publications, the detailed understanding of radio propagation phenomena is a key concept for the development and performance assessment of mobile and personal communication networks.…”

“…Section III presents simulation results. Here, the comparison with experimental data is performed, based on experiments published in [21], [22].…”

“…Moreover, it was found that various urban scenarios with specific peculiarities of the topography influence in different manners on the mutual AOA, EOA, and TD distributions of the total signal [20]- [22], [31]- [38], [43]. From the point of view of designing multiple access networks, it is very important to use some unified spatio-temporal approach for various situations in the urban scene.…”

“…First this was done in [18]- [22], as an approach that introduces urban propagation mechanism based on 3-D high-resolution radio channel measurements carried out in different European cities, particularly in Helsinki (Finland) and Paris (France). This approach has analyzed the propagation mechanism using comprehensive classification of different types of wave propagation in urban scene.…”