BACKGROUND:The number of topside antennas on U.S. Naval ships has almost doubled from the 1980s to the 1990s. The Navy would like to reduce the number of antennas on ships for various reasons including mutual signal interference, ship's signature, manning, spares, and life cycle costs. So, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has been funding R&D efforts to integrate the many single-function antennas into a few common sets of broadband array antennas. These antennas must provide polarization diversity over large scan angle and broad instantaneous bandwidth.