Wideband eight‐element antenna for 5G metal frame mobile phone applications

Abstract

A wideband eight-element antenna based on slot modes for 5G metal frame mobile phones is proposed. The proposed antenna has two kinds of elements that both have four elements. Both kinds of elements consist of a coupled line and a closed slot. The slot sizes of the two kinds of elements are 26 mm × 2.5 mm and 28.5 mm × 2.5 mm, respectively. The measured working bands (under the condition of the reflection coefficients smaller than −6 dB) of the two kinds of elements are 3.3 to 5 GHz and 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, respectively. The eight elements can form an eight-element MIMO antenna system working at the band of 3.3 to 4.2 GHz and a four-element MIMO antenna system working at the band of 3.3 to 5 GHz. For the first kind of elements, the measured gains at the working band of 3.3 to 5 GHz are 2.23 to 4.29 dBi. For the second kind of elements, the measured gains at the working band of 3.3 to 4.2 GHz are 1.83 to 3.95 dBi. At the working bands, the measured isolations and efficiencies are bigger than 10 dB and 45%, respectively, the envelop correlation coefficients (ECCs) are smaller than 0.26, and the ratios of mean effective gains (MEGs) are smaller than 1.26 dB. With a 20 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), at the band of 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, the ergodic channel capacity of the proposed eightelement MIMO antenna system in an 8 × 8 MIMO system is 36.5 to 37.8 bps/ Hz; at the band of 3.3 to 5 GHz, the ergodic channel capacity of the proposed four-element MIMO antenna system in a 4 × 4 MIMO system is 18.5 to 19.6 bps/Hz.

A side-edge frame dual-band eight-element MIMO antenna array for 5G handset

“…By assuming all the antenna elements at transmitter are uncorrelated, i.e., zero-correlation coefficient, the ( i , j ) th entry of Ψ R is calculated by [25]where A i (Ω) and represent the field patterns of antenna element i and j , h (Ω) represent incoming wave, { }* denotes conjugate operation, E { } represents expectation. The mobile wireless environment defined in [26] has a series of reasonable assumptions: the fading envelope being Rayleigh distributed, the incoming wave arriving in horizontal plane only, the incoming wave's orthogonal polarizations being uncorrelated, the individual polarizations being spatially uncorrelated, and finally the time-averaged power density per steradian being constant. Based on these approximations and the derivation in [24], can be written aswhere Γ is the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the incoming wave, that, in this paper is set to 0 dB.…”

Dual band 8 × 8 MIMO antenna system for DCS 1800 and 5G mobile applications

“…All MIMO antenna systems operate on a single narrow-band frequency, i.e., 3.4-3.6 GHz or 3.4-3.8 GHz or 3.3-3.6 and none of them cover the entire frequency range, i.e., 3.3-3.9 GHz in previous works. The structure of MIMO antenna systems [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]19,22 are planar; however, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23] are non-planar in configuration. The proposed antenna element structures in previous studies [4][5][6][7][8] are, respectively, open slot-based quad antenna linear (QAL) array, monopole antenna, dipole antenna, microstrip feed open slot antenna, and monopole antenna, each having rectangular clearance in ground plane (whose one longer side is open).…”

Highly efficient 4‐port self‐decoupled multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna pairs operating in n46 band for 5G smartphone applications

“…To overcome such difficulties, two elements are assembled in a single block effectively reducing the space occupied by the element. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Several methods have been implemented over the years to enhance the isolation between the antennas, such as the neutralization line technique, [6][7][8] large spacing between elements, [9][10][11] pattern diversity, 12,13 polarization diversity, [14][15][16] use of isolating elements, 17,18 defected ground plane, [19][20][21] symmetrically mirrored antenna elements, 22,23 use of passive components, 24 and self-isolated antennas. [25][26][27] In this article, a highly efficient 4-port MIMO system consisting of two self-decoupled antenna pair blocks, each positioned at the middle of two long vertical frames for a 5G smartphone application is presented.…”

“…The MIMO technology is used in the 5G telecommunication to improve the spectrum efficiency taking into consideration that the resource spectrum is limited. In recent years many midband MIMO antenna systems for 5G smartphone applications have been developed 6–27 . However, the main challenging task is to integrate several antennas in the limited space without compromising total efficiency or envelope correlation coefficient or isolation.…”

“…To overcome such difficulties, two elements are assembled in a single block effectively reducing the space occupied by the element 17–27 . Several methods have been implemented over the years to enhance the isolation between the antennas, such as the neutralization line technique, 6–8 large spacing between elements, 9–11 pattern diversity, 12,13 polarization diversity, 14–16 use of isolating elements, 17,18 defected ground plane, 19–21 symmetrically mirrored antenna elements, 22,23 use of passive components, 24 and self‐isolated antennas 25–27 …”