249 words Article: 7,905 words (9,661 including references and endnotes) 2
Spaces of Informalization: playscapes, power and the governance of conduct AbstractGeographers have contributed a great deal towards an understanding of social control across different spaces and the ways in which power is exercised in the interests of elite groups to the detriment of marginalized 'Others'. Little attention however, has been given to decontrolled spaces: spaces where the standard of conduct expected of previous generations is no longer as rigid and formalized as it once was. This paper draws on the work of Norbert Elias and Cas Wouters in exploring how previously prohibited behaviours become admissible within particular social situations, groups and settings: a process known as informalization. The informalization thesis posits that a long term perspective can elucidate the ways in which gradual changes in expected standards of behaviour are linked to corresponding changes in social habitus and the power differentials that characterize the social relations between elite and outsider groups. The paper contends that a revision of the sociological concept of informalization, emphasizing spatial context and difference can contribute a great deal to debates in human geography. It is argued that the spatialization of Elias' work could provide a useful theoretical framework with which to enhance the geographer's understanding of the relationship between group identities, power, social change and governance. Conversely, a focus on the spaces of informalization may also advance the theory from a sociological perspective. The theory is applied to specific playscapes and highlights the uneven, problematic nature of contemporary governance projects and the related problem of social misdiagnoses in the quest towards the non-antagonistic city.