Wider Context of Antimicrobial Resistance, Including Molecular Biology Perspective and Implications for Clinical Practice

Pokludová, Lucie; Prátová, Hana

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46721-0_9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These results are in accordance with the observations made above on variations in MICs and MBCs. It has been reported that changes in sensitivity such as those observed in this study may be temporary (simple stress response) or permanent (profound physiological and genetic changes) [10,25,28]. Bui et al [29] reported that S. aureus has an incredible ability to survive, either by adapting to environmental conditions or defending against exogenous stress.…”

Section: There Is a Change In Susceptibility Tomentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In addition, S. aureus is notorious for its ability to acquire and/or develop resistance to antibiotics [5]. The acquisition mechanism of resistance in S. aureus is identical to that of other bacteria and this is mainly due to the enzymatic degradation of antibiotics, the modification of the target of the antibiotic, the change in membrane permeability and use of efflux pump, alternative metabolic pathways and interbacterial transmission of resistance genes through the horizontal transfer [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. This attribute coupled with the high burden of S. aureus infections is a serious problem for treatment of staphylococcal infections [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prolonged Exposure to Antimicrobials Induces Changes in Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus

Arsène

Podoprigora

Grigorievna

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Introduction: Frequent exposure to certain biocidal agents such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), triclosan and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has been reported to induce significant changes in Staphylococcus aureus. However, very few studies of this type have been conducted with conventional antimicrobials. Aim: The current investigation aimed to explore the phenotypic changes (susceptibility to antibiotics, biofilm formation and relative pathogenicity) that occur in S. aureus after recurrent exposure to antimicrobials. Methods: We compared the effects of long-term exposure to ampicillin, cefazoline, kanamycin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on their susceptibility to antibiotics, biofilm formation, growth rate and pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microplate mircodilution method and the bacteria were exposed to increasing concentrations of each antimicrobial (MIC/2 to MIC) prepared in the BHIB for 8 days. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, the biofilm formation with crystal violet bacterial attachment assay and relative pathogenicity was assessed through a Galleria mellonella waxworm model. Results: The data in this investigation indicate that long-term exposure to antimicrobials may induce several changes in S. aureus. The exposure to ampicillin induced resistance to ceftazidime, tetracycline and ceftriaxone while the susceptibility to ceftazidime decreased in bacteria exposed to cefazolin and Kanamycin. Meanwhile, exposure to AgNPs induced some changes in susceptibility to trimethoprim and ceftazidime without causing resistance. Similarly, the strains exposed to ampicillin and kanamycin grew more rapidly and produced more biofilms than the control strains whereas the strains exposed to the AgNPs produced less biofilms. On G. melonella model, cefazolin seems to have attenuated the pathogenicity while the 3 other strains were more pathogenic than the controls. Conclusion: Long term exposure of S. aureus to antibiotics and AgNPs induces several changes in susceptibility to other antibiotics, growth rate, biofilm formation and pathogenicity; and these changes should be taken into account when choosing antibiotics for treatment of diseases caused by S. aureus.

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Section: There Is a Change In Susceptibility Tomentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Exposure to Antimicrobials Induces Changes in Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus

Arsène

Podoprigora

Grigorievna

et al. 2021

JPRI

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“…In our study, the reversibility of the acquisition of resistance and the observed variations in susceptibility to antibiotics was not evaluated, but many previous studies on the issue provide contradictories findings. Indeed, while some authors have indicated that the observed changes result from a reversible phenotypic adaptation induced by the expression of variations in gene expression in responses to stress [11], others have noted that these changes after long exposure to antimicrobials are the result of the selection of antimicrobial-resistant mutants with a stable MICROBIOLOGY phenotypic that cannot experience any reversibility [9,31]. Notwithstanding this divergence of views, it is important to highlight that numerous investigations carried out in both humans and animals show an increase in resistance to antibiotics worldwide [12,29,[32][33][34].…”

Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic) and Minimum Bacterici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long exposure impact of antibiotics subinhibitory doses and silver nanoparticles on uropathogenic bacteria

Mbarga,

Marouf,

Podoprigora

et al. 2023

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Med.

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Relevance. Although the primary purpose of using antibiotics is to treat infectious diseases, their misuse gradually leads to loss of their effectiveness. The aim of the current investigation was to explore the changes that occur in uropathogenic bacteria after long exposure to antimicrobials. Materials and Methods. We compared the effects of long-term exposure to ampicillin, cefazoline, kanamycin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on susceptibility, biofilm formation and planktonic bacteria in 4 clinical uropathogenic strains namely Escherichia coli (UPEC), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Streptococcus agalactiae (St. agalactiae). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microplate mircodilution method and bacteria were exposed to increasing concentrations of each antimicrobial (from MIC/2 to MIC) prepared in the brain heart infusion broth for 8 days. The susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics was assessed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the biofilm formation was assessed using crystal violet bacterial attachment assay. Results and Discussion. The data in this investigation highlight that long-term exposure to antimicrobials may induce changes in susceptibility to other antibiotics and biofilm formation in Uropathogenic strains. Indeed, exposure to ampicillin made E. faecalis resistant to ceftazidime and St agalactiae resistant to tetracycline, ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime. Following exposure to cefazolin, a significant decrease in susceptibility was observed in E. coli to ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime while S. aureus became resistant to ceftazidime/clavulanate, ceftazidime and to ceftriaxone. Similar variations were observed on St agalactiae and E. faecalis, which in addition to the 3 antibiotics above-mentioned, have become resistant to tetracycline. The most significant variations in susceptibility to antibiotics were observed following exposure to kanamycin: E. coli developed resistance to ceftazidime and a decrease in sensitivity was noted on ceftazidime/clavulanate while S. aureus, E. faecalis and St. agalactiae all 3 became resistant to ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime. In addition, except for E. coli all the bacteria in this investigation which had undergone successive passages in AgNPs developed resistance to ceftazidime/ clavulanate and ceftazidime. Bacteria exposed to ampicillin and cefazolin produced more biofilms than their respective controls. Conclusion. Long term exposure of uropathogens to antibiotics and AgNPs induces significant changes in susceptibility to other antibiotics and biofilm formation and antibiotics should therefore only be used when necessary.

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Wider Context of Antimicrobial Resistance, Including Molecular Biology Perspective and Implications for Clinical Practice

Cited by 2 publications

References 124 publications

Prolonged Exposure to Antimicrobials Induces Changes in Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus

Prolonged Exposure to Antimicrobials Induces Changes in Susceptibility to Antibiotics, Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus

Long exposure impact of antibiotics subinhibitory doses and silver nanoparticles on uropathogenic bacteria

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