Wider frequency domain for negative refraction index in a quantized composite right–left handed transmission line

Abstract

The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-Left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) was deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show negative refraction index (herein the left-handedness) can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors(i.e., the resistances R and conductances G) in the higher frequency bands (1.446GHz≤ ω ≤ 15GHz), and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components (C l , L l ) and the right-handed circuit components (Cr, Lr) at a lower frequency (ω=0.995GHz) . The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a more wider bandwidth will be significant to the microscale circuit design for the CRLH-TL and may pave the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.

Left-handedness in the balanced/unbalanced resonance conditions of a quantized composite right-left handed transmission line

“…Although CRLH-TLs have provided some novel structures and devices, such as couplers [19], band pass filters [20], antennas [21], and multi-frequency devices [22] in this limited frequency band, in terms of the potential application, it is still a great challenge so far to achieve left-handedness in a much more wider frequency band. Not only that, but the CRLH-TL's microscale approaches the Fermi wavelength, the quantum effects on the CRLH-TL [23][24][25][26][27] should be taken into account similarly to the mesoscopic circuits [28][29][30][31]. Some novel features [23][24][25][26] have been revealed in the quantized CRLH-TL as compared to the macro CRLH-TL.…”

“…Not only that, but the CRLH-TL's microscale approaches the Fermi wavelength, the quantum effects on the CRLH-TL [23][24][25][26][27] should be taken into account similarly to the mesoscopic circuits [28][29][30][31]. Some novel features [23][24][25][26] have been revealed in the quantized CRLH-TL as compared to the macro CRLH-TL.…”

Loss induced negative refraction and super-prism effect at highly absorptive interface*

“…Its phase velocity differs greatly from the velocity of the energy flow, while the latter may even lack precise meaning. [1] There are still many controversies about the light propagation in these absorbing materials, including negative refraction, [2,3] superluminal light velocity, [4] Goos-Hänchen effect, [5,6] and so on. Even regarding the seemingly simple issue, such as the reflection and refraction of electromagnetic wave at a planar lossy interface, it is still ambiguous-in spite of the fact that there are already many serious theoretical and experimental studies devoted on this subject.…”