2021
DOI: 10.3390/v13122404
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Widespread Circulation of Flaviviruses in Horses and Birds in Northeastern Spain (Catalonia) between 2010 and 2019

Abstract: The surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) has consistently detected flaviviruses not identified as WNV. With the aim of characterizing the flaviviruses circulating in Catalonia, serum samples from birds and horses collected between 2010 and 2019 and positive by panflavivirus competition ELISA (cELISA) were analyzed by microneutralization test (MNT) against different flaviviruses. A third of the samples tested were inconclusive by MNT, highlighting the limitations of current d… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…These results are further supported by the fact that passerine birds (e.g., Eurasian blackbird, hooded crow, or magpie) and pigeons (e.g., common wood pigeon) were clearly detected as serologically positive for WNV antibodies by bELISA and VNT in the study. Furthermore, magpies or pigeons could be used as valuable sentinel species for the distribution of WNV in affected areas, as described for other countries [80,81]. All these results are in accordance with the known WNV endemic areas in the eastern part of the country and correspond to the evidence of WNV RNA in infected birds, horses, and humans [38,57].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…These results are further supported by the fact that passerine birds (e.g., Eurasian blackbird, hooded crow, or magpie) and pigeons (e.g., common wood pigeon) were clearly detected as serologically positive for WNV antibodies by bELISA and VNT in the study. Furthermore, magpies or pigeons could be used as valuable sentinel species for the distribution of WNV in affected areas, as described for other countries [80,81]. All these results are in accordance with the known WNV endemic areas in the eastern part of the country and correspond to the evidence of WNV RNA in infected birds, horses, and humans [38,57].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Our phylogenetic analyses together with the seropositivity found before and after the first detection of WNV-L2 [ 23 , 41 ] suggest the presence and overwintering of WNV in the region. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the WNV seropositivity in the region was due to WNV-L1 or WNV-L2.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Moreover, neurological clinical signs, which all the affected northern goshawks presented, correlate perfectly with these high viral loads found in the central nervous system. Even though only five RT-PCR positive birds have been detected in Catalonia, recent studies carried out in the region [ 23 ] indicated that WNV circulation, not exclusively in birds but also in horses, is much more widespread, although the majority of infections are subclinical.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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