Widespread Colonization of the Lung by <i>Tropheryma whipplei</i> in HIV Infection

Lozupone, Catherine; Cota‐Gomez, Adela; Palmer, Brent E.; Linderman, Derek J.; Charlson, Emily S.; Sodergren, Erica; Mitreva, Makedonka; Abubucker, Sahar; Martin, John; Yao, Guohui; Campbell, Thomas; Flores, Sonia C.; Ackerman, Gail; Stombaugh, Jesse; Ursell, Luke K.; Beck, James M.; Curtis, Jeffrey L.; Young, Vincent B.; Lynch, Susan V.; Huang, Laurence; Weinstock, George M.; Knox, Kenneth S.; Twigg, Homer L.; Morris, Alison; Ghedin, Elodie; Bushman, Frederic D.; Collman, Ronald G.; Knight, Rob; Fontenot, Andrew P.

doi:10.1164/rccm.201211-2145oc

Cited by 177 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…T. whipplei was also found to be much more prevalent in BAL samples from HIVinfected individuals than from HIVuninfected individuals in a mutlicenter cohort from this group (32). T. whipplei is the agent of Whipple's disease, a predominantly GI condition that is rarely seen in the lung.…”

Section: Bacteria and The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Although direct evidence of GI translocation in HIV resulting in lung infection is lacking, a recent study from the Lung HIV Microbiome Program found evidence of Trophyrema whipplei in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from an HIV-infected ART-naive individual (32). T. whipplei was also found to be much more prevalent in BAL samples from HIVinfected individuals than from HIVuninfected individuals in a mutlicenter cohort from this group (32).…”

Section: Bacteria and The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart–Lung Interaction via Infection

Morris

2014

Annals ATS

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Lung and cardiovascular disease are increasingly recognized to occur in the same patient populations. Infections, either through stimulation of inflammation or through direct infection, can lead to end-organ damage and have been postulated as a potential link between lung and cardiovascular diseases. Mechanisms by which infections may link lung and cardiac diseases include effects of systemic infections, microbial translocation of pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract or other sites, damaging effects of metabolic products, or influences of smoking on the microbiome.Other mechanisms, such as alterations in the local microbiome, environmental exposures, or immune regulation by microbial communities, may be important. These relationships are likely quite complex, with multiple routes between infection and disease possible. A better understanding of the links of infection to lung and heart disease can improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders and uncover novel therapeutic approaches.Keywords: microbial translocation; metabolomics; pulmonary function; cardiovascular; HIV Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Alison Morris, M.D., M.S.,

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Section: Bacteria and The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Bacteria and The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart–Lung Interaction via Infection

Morris

2014

Annals ATS

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“…Conceptually, the search for a shared core is consistent with the presumption that the lung environment imposes selection pressure on the microbial inhabitants in the lung. As an example, data have shown the presence of Tropheryma whipplei in the lung of normal subjects (6). Importantly, this microorganism was not found in upper airway samples when 500 sequences per sample were evaluated.…”

Section: Is There a Core Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is likely that this is a bidirectional association and that the characteristics of the airway microbiota are determined by the host immune response as well. This is suggested by the observation that subjects with immunodeficiency have a lung microbiome enriched with T. whipplei and that there is subsequent reduction of the relative abundance of T. whipplei with antiretroviral therapy (6). Other potential roles of the airway microbiome may be related to metabolic processes (e.g., drug metabolism), control of surfactant production, or gas exchange, areas for which more investigation is needed.…”

Section: What Are the Mucosal Inflammatory Implications Of The Lung Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among various factors, the low culturable bacterial burden in the lung, contamination with upper airway microbiota during sampling, and the difficulties in growing fastidious bacteria have contributed to the presumption that the lung is sterile (3,4). With the use of culture-independent techniques, there is now substantial literature identifying the presence of bacteria products in the lower airways of normal individuals (5)(6)(7)(8). Data from quantitative PCR for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes confirm that the bacterial burden in the lower airways is less than in the upper airways.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Brave New World: The Lung Microbiota in an Era of Change

Segal

Blaser

2014

Annals ATS

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Linking microbiota and respiratory disease

Hauptmann

Schaible

2016

FEBS Letters

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An increasing body of evidence indicates the relevance of microbiota for pulmonary health and disease. Independent investigations recently demonstrated that the lung harbors a resident microbiota. Therefore, it is intriguing that a lung microbiota can shape pulmonary immunity and epithelial barrier functions. Here, we discuss the ways how the composition of the microbial community in the lung may influence pulmonary health and vice versa, factors that determine community composition. Prominent microbiota at other body sites such as the intestinal one may also contribute to pulmonary health and disease. However, it is difficult to discriminate between influences of lung vs. gut microbiota due to systemic mutuality between both communities. With focuses on asthma and respiratory infections, we discuss how microbiota of lung and gut can determine pulmonary immunity and barrier functions.

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Widespread Colonization of the Lung by Tropheryma whipplei in HIV Infection

Cited by 177 publications

References 40 publications

Heart–Lung Interaction via Infection

Heart–Lung Interaction via Infection

A Brave New World: The Lung Microbiota in an Era of Change

Linking microbiota and respiratory disease

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