Widespread detection and characterization of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 in pigs in the USA

Palinski, Rachel; Chen, Zhenhai; Henningson, Jamie; Lang, Yuekun; Rowland, Raymond R. R.; Fang, Ying; Prickett, John; Gauger, Phillip C.; Hause, Ben M.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000343

Cited by 35 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The ELISA was performed similar to assays previously described, by using 2 g/ml purified recombinant PCV3 capsid protein to coat the wells of Corning EIA/RIA high-binding plates (79)(80)(81). Accession number(s).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

Palinski

Piñeyro

Shang

et al. 2017

J Virol

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482

744

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Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is clinically manifested by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respiratory and enteric disease, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an essential component of PCVAD, although an etiologic role in PDNS is not well established. Here, a novel circovirus, designated porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was identified in sows that died acutely with PDNS-like clinical signs. The capsid and replicase proteins of PCV3 are only 37% and 55% identical to PCV2 and bat circoviruses, respectively. Aborted fetuses from sows with PDNS contained high levels of PCV3 (7.57 ϫ 10 7 genome copies/ml), and no other viruses were detected by PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of sow tissue samples identified PCV3 antigen in skin, kidney, lung, and lymph node samples localized in typical PDNS lesions, including necrotizing vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Further study of archived PDNS tissue samples that were negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis identified 45 of 48 that were PCV3 positive by quantitative PCR (qPCR), with 60% of a subset also testing positive for PCV3 by IHC analysis. Analysis by qPCR of 271 porcine respiratory disease diagnostic submission samples identified 34 PCV3-positive cases (12.5%), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of anti-PCV3 capsid antibodies in serum samples found that 46 (55%) of 83 samples tested were positive. These results suggest that PCV3 commonly circulates within U.S. swine and may play an etiologic role in reproductive failure and PDNS. Because of the high economic impact of PCV2, this novel circovirus warrants further studies to elucidate its significance and role in PCVAD.IMPORTANCE While porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in sporadic cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Canada in the early 1990s, an epidemic of severe systemic disease due to PCV2 spread worldwide in the ensuing decade. Despite being effectively controlled by commercial vaccines, PCV2 remains one of the most economically significant viruses of swine. Here, a novel porcine circovirus (PCV3) that is distantly related to known circoviruses was identified in sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCV2, which has previously been associated with these clinical presentations, was not identified. High levels of PCV3 nucleic acid were observed in aborted fetuses by quantitative PCR, and PCV3 antigen was localized in histologic lesions typical of PDNS in sows by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. PCV3 was also identi- Citation Palinski R, Piñeyro P, Shang P, Yuan F, Guo R, Fang Y, Byers E, Hause BM. 2017. A novel porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. J Virol 91:e01879-16.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

Palinski

Piñeyro

Shang

et al. 2017

J Virol

Self Cite

482

744

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“…Previously, ICPD analysis was used to determine the seroprevalence of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 in USA pigs with results in good agreement with those obtained with an ELISA using a recombinant fusion protein (Palinski et al, 2016). Swab pools 16 and 2 served as antigen for posavirus 1 and posavirus 3, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Two 5¢-nuclease assays were designed using the Pol region from the posavirus 1 and posavirus 3 genomes assembled from swab pools 16 and 2, respectively. ICPD was performed as previously described using sera collected from 10 gilts and 15 multiparous sows (parity !3) located in the Southeastern USA (Palinski et al, 2016). C t values for the posavirus 1 and 3 antigen pools were 25.4 and 20.4, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly diverse posaviruses in swine faeces are aquatic in origin

Hause

Palinski

Hesse

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Posaviruses are a group of highly divergent viruses identified in swine faeces that are distantly related to other members of the order Picornavirales. Eighteen posavirus genomes were assembled from 10 out of 25 (40 %) faecal-swab pools collected from healthy adult swine. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol) domain found that posaviruses form a large, highly diverse, monophyletic clade, which includes similar viruses identified in human (husavirus) and fish (fisavirus) faeces or intestinal contents, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of water samples collected from commercial swine barns identified four out of 19 (21 %) samples were positive using a 5¢-nuclease assay targeting the Pol region of posavirus 1. ICPD (immunoprecipitation coupled to PCR detection) assays to explore serological evidence of posavirus infection found only a single positive sample, suggesting posaviruses do not commonly infect swine, and together these results suggests a likely aquatic host.

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“…A 4,978-bp contig consisting of over 20% of the reads showed sequence similarity to a recently described alpaca polyomavirus ( 1 ) (GenBank accession number KU879245). Additional viruses associated with porcine respiratory disease identified in the pooled nasal swabs included porcine cytomegalovirus ( 2 ), porcine astrovirus 4 ( 3 ), and porcine parainfluenza virus 1 ( 4 ). The presence of multiple respiratory viruses and lack of additional diagnostic testing preclude assignment of an etiologic role to any of these viruses for the observed respiratory disease.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of a Porcine Polyomavirus from Nasal Swabs of Pigs with Respiratory Disease

Hause¹,

Smith²,

Bishop³

et al. 2018

Genome Announc

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Widespread detection and characterization of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 in pigs in the USA

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

Highly diverse posaviruses in swine faeces are aquatic in origin

Complete Genome Sequence of a Porcine Polyomavirus from Nasal Swabs of Pigs with Respiratory Disease

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