Widespread Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant from Children, South Korea, 2022

Park, Eunkyung; Choi, So Young; Lee, Shinyoung; Kim, Miyoung; Lee, Kyusug; Lee, Seonju; Yoon, Sunyoung; Kim, Nahyoung; Oh, Won Sup; Kim, Eunmi; Kim, Bryan; Song, Jin Su

doi:10.3349/ymj.2022.0608

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thirty-one studies [ 29 – 59 ] were included in this review (Table S 1 ). Studies included 17 research articles [ 29 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 – 48 , 50 , 53 – 55 , 57 , 59 ], eight brief communications [ 30 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 39 , 51 , 52 , 58 ], three letters [ 37 , 38 , 41 ], and three reports [ 44 , 49 , 56 ]. Studies were from Belgium [ 33 ], Brazil [ 37 ], China [ 34 – 36 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 49 – 51 , 53 – 57 , 59 ], Germany [ 29 ], Japan [ 46 ], Netherlands [ 30 ], Singapore [ 38 , 52 ], South Korea [ 32 , 39 – 41 , 58 ], Spain [ 31 ], U.K. [ 47 ], and U.S.A. [ 43 , 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two studies [ 47 , 57 ] reported mean generation time and two studies [ 51 , 54 ] reported adjusting for right truncation. Nine studies [ 29 , 30 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 58 ] were exclusively from the household setting. The study with the largest sample size [ 29 ] only reported the number of households included in the serial interval analysis rather than the number of primary/secondary case pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining specific Omicron subvariants, mean serial interval was 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.8–3.7) for BA.1 (11 studies [ 30 – 33 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 58 ]), 2.9 days (95% CI: 2.7–3.1) for BA.2 (6 studies [ 36 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 ]), and 2.3 days (95% CI: 1.6–3.1) for BA.5 (3 studies [ 51 , 57 , 59 ]). Excluding one study of generation time [ 57 ], serial interval for BA.5 was 2.3 days (95% CI: 1.4–3.1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The serial interval is the period of time between symptom onset in the primary case and symptom onset in the secondary case. Understanding the serial interval is important for determining transmission dynamics of infectious diseases like COVID-19, including the reproduction number and secondary attack rates, which could influence control measures. Early meta-analyses of COVID-19 reported serial intervals of 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.9–5.5) for the original wild-type variant and 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.87–5.47) for Alpha variant. The serial interval has been shown to decrease over the course of an epidemic for other respiratory diseases, which may be due to accumulating viral mutations and implementation of more effective nonpharmaceutical interventions. We therefore aggregated the literature to estimate serial intervals for Delta and Omicron variants. Methods This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and preprint server medRxiv for articles published from April 4, 2021, through May 23, 2023. Search terms were: (“serial interval” or “generation time”), (“Omicron” or “Delta”), and (“SARS-CoV-2” or “COVID-19”). Meta-analyses were done for Delta and Omicron variants using a restricted maximum-likelihood estimator model with a random effect for each study. Pooled average estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported. Results There were 46,648 primary/secondary case pairs included for the meta-analysis of Delta and 18,324 for Omicron. Mean serial interval for included studies ranged from 2.3–5.8 days for Delta and 2.1–4.8 days for Omicron. The pooled mean serial interval for Delta was 3.9 days (95% CI: 3.4–4.3) (20 studies) and Omicron was 3.2 days (95% CI: 2.9–3.5) (20 studies). Mean estimated serial interval for BA.1 was 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.8–3.7) (11 studies), BA.2 was 2.9 days (95% CI: 2.7–3.1) (six studies), and BA.5 was 2.3 days (95% CI: 1.6–3.1) (three studies). Conclusions Serial interval estimates for Delta and Omicron were shorter than ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. More recent Omicron subvariants had even shorter serial intervals suggesting serial intervals may be shortening over time. This suggests more rapid transmission from one generation of cases to the next, consistent with the observed faster growth dynamic of these variants compared to their ancestors. Additional changes to the serial interval may occur as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and evolve. Changes to population immunity (due to infection and/or vaccination) may further modify it.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…27,28 The vital role of children in contributing to the household transmission during Omicron wave has also been noticed. 10 These factors may have also influenced our finding that children were the index cases in more than ⅔ of the families.…”

Section: Children Being the First Covid-19 Case In The Householdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[7][8][9] Particularly during B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant surge, it was demonstrated that children notably contributed to spreading the infection to their households. 10 Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 transmission is challenging. Long incubation period, a high percentage of asymptomatic cases and complex net of social interactions make it difficult to reconstruct the precise chains of transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Regression for Evaluating Children’s Role in the Pandemic Spread on the Example of Delta COVID-19 Wave

Mańdziuk,

Okarska-Napierała,

Woźniak

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The children’s role in transmitting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the familial settings is uncertain. We aimed to assess how often children were the index cases transmitting SARS-CoV-2 into their households during the Delta wave, and to identify risk factors of children being the index case. Methods: In this prospective survey study, we collected information regarding household members of SARS-CoV-2-positive children tested in a single tertiary hospital. Some patients were tested with polymerase chain reaction and those samples were typed and classified as Delta or non-Delta variant. We have used the Monte Carlo approach to assess predictors of children being the index case in the household. Results: We surveyed 629 families and 515 of them fulfilled inclusion criteria. The child was the index case in 359 (69.71%) households. Attending childcare facilities in all age groups was positively associated with being the index case in the household [nursery, estimate = 1.456, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.456–1.457, P < 0.001; kindergarten, estimate = 0.899, 95% CI: 0.898–0.900, P = 0.003; school, estimate = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.229–1.231, P = 0.001]. The same association was present in the subgroup of the families with the predominant Delta variant, but not in the subgroup with the predominant non-Delta variant. Conclusions: Attending childcare and educational facilities might be a significant predictor of a child being the SARS-CoV-2 index case in their household. Children’s role in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic changes in consecutive waves. The Monte Carlo approach can be applied to assess risk factors of infectious agents’ spread in future epidemics.

show abstract

Assessing school ventilation strategies from the perspective of health, environment, and energy

Pollozhani,

McLeod,

Schwarzbauer

et al. 2024

Applied Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Widespread Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant from Children, South Korea, 2022

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

Monte Carlo Regression for Evaluating Children’s Role in the Pandemic Spread on the Example of Delta COVID-19 Wave

Assessing school ventilation strategies from the perspective of health, environment, and energy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About