Widespread hydrogen bonding in the proteins of HIV-1 may confer carcinogenic risks to AIDS patients

Antagonism between hydrogen bonding and secondary chemical bonding to calcium in viruses

“…We appreciate the interest by Huang et al [1] in our article on clinical outcomes among people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19. We hypothesized that people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19 would be at an increased risk of mortality and major adverse cardiac events compared with those without HIV, but we did not find evidence of significantly increased risk [2]. From a biochemistry perspective, Huang et al [1] propose that HIV and SARS-CoV-2 do not show mutual interaction due to counteraction of hydrogen bonding and secondary chemical bonding to calcium.…”

“…Because hydrogen bonding attaches both water and protons to amino acids and proteins, AIDS patients often display diarrhea or develop tumors, as carcinogenesis can take place with the local buildup of mutagenic HCl [2–4]. This explains why probiotics such as yogurt can have a beneficial effect on CD4 + cell count in AIDS sufferers and reduce cancer risk in humans as weak acids attenuate strong acids [2,4,5]. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 encodes proteins high in valine and glycine, and these two amino acids have long carbonyl bond lengths weakening their carbonyl bonds, resulting in potent affinity to divalent cations in carbonyl oxygen atoms [6–8].…”

“…The proteins encoded by the genes in HIV-1 possess 50-70% amino acids capable of hydrogen bonding [2]. Because hydrogen bonding attaches both water and protons to amino acids and proteins, AIDS patients often display diarrhea or develop tumors, as carcinogenesis can take place with the local buildup of mutagenic HCl [2][3][4].…”

“…The proteins encoded by the genes in HIV-1 possess 50-70% amino acids capable of hydrogen bonding [2]. Because hydrogen bonding attaches both water and protons to amino acids and proteins, AIDS patients often display diarrhea or develop tumors, as carcinogenesis can take place with the local buildup of mutagenic HCl [2][3][4]. This explains why probiotics such as yogurt can have a beneficial effect on CD4 þ cell count in AIDS sufferers and reduce cancer risk in humans as weak acids attenuate strong acids [2,4,5].…”

Mutagenesis by RNA-containing telomerase holoenzyme complex or R-loops: a missing piece of the puzzle

“…19,20 Individuals with diarrhea are much more prone to develop malignancies than normal persons. 21,22 Oncoproteins and tumor suppressors usually possess 10% to over 20% basic amino acids, and turn oncogenic when DNA or amino acid polymorphisms are present. 5,9 The local generation of highly chemically active strong acids thus can help augment DNA mutagenesis, excision, repair and formation of double stranded breaks.…”