Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland

Fent, Karl; Zenker, Armin; Rapp, Maja

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.005

Cited by 378 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…Residues of more polar organic UV filters have been found in all kind of water matrices including tap water (Díaz-Cruz et al, 2012). Because of the high lipophilicity and poor biodegradability of many of them, they end up in sewage sludge during wastewater treatment (Gago-Ferrero et al, 2011a), and accumulate in sediments (Barón et al, 2013;Gago-Ferrero et al, 2011b), and in biota (Buser et al, 2006;Fent et al, 2010, Gago-Ferrero et al, 2013bGago-Ferrero et al, 2015). It has been suggested that biomagnification may occur through the food web (Fent et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high lipophilicity and poor biodegradability of many of them, they end up in sewage sludge during wastewater treatment (Gago-Ferrero et al, 2011a), and accumulate in sediments (Barón et al, 2013;Gago-Ferrero et al, 2011b), and in biota (Buser et al, 2006;Fent et al, 2010, Gago-Ferrero et al, 2013bGago-Ferrero et al, 2015). It has been suggested that biomagnification may occur through the food web (Fent et al, 2010). These findings are of concern because it is known that UV filters such as benzophenone 3 (BP3), benzophenone 4 (BP4) and ethylhexylmethoxycinamate (EHMC) are able to alter the transcription profile in fish, with the possibility of altering genes related with the production of sexual hormones (Blüthgen et al, 2012, Zucchi et al, 2011a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of personal care products in river–groundwater interface

Serra-Roig

Jurado

Díaz-Cruz

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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This work presents the occurrence and fate of selected personal care products (PCPs) in the urban river-groundwater interface. To this end, urban river and groundwater samples were collected in Sant Adrià del Besòs (NE of Spain) and a total of 16 PCPs were analyzed including benzophenone derivatives, camphor derivatives, p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, triazoles and parabens in three different campaigns (from May 2010 to July 2014). These compounds reach the aquifer through the recharge of Besòs River that receives large amounts of effluents from waste water treatment plants.Results shown that most of compounds were not or barely detected (maximum concentrations around 200 ng/L) in groundwater samples during the different sampling campaigns. Only two triazoles, namely benzotriazole (BZT) and methyl benzotriazol (MeBZT) were found at high concentrations in groundwater samples (maximum concentration around 2000 ng/L). The fate of PCPs in the aquifer was assessed using mixing analysis considering the seasonal variability of the Besòs River. Overall, measured groundwater concentrations were significantly much lower than those estimated by the mixing of the river water. This observation suggested that most of the PCPs are naturally removed when river water infiltrates the aquifer. However, some compounds were more persistent in the aquifer. These compounds were in descending order: the triazoles BZT and MeBZT followed by the camphor derivative 4MBC and the paraben MePB. The measured concentrations allowed us to assess the environmental risk posed by the selected UV-filters and parabens in the river and groundwater samples. Hazard Quotients (HQs) for different aquatic species were calculated in order to characterise the ecotoxicity potential of the studied compounds in the river-groundwater interface.HQ values were always below 1 indicating that at the concentrations observed in the surface or aquifer water of Besòs River these compounds pose no risk to the selected aquatic organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of personal care products in river–groundwater interface

Serra-Roig

Jurado

Díaz-Cruz

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…As a consequence of its widespread use in both recreational and technological contexts, of its chemical stability and resistance to biodegradation, BP-4 is being increasingly detected in surface waters (Poiger et al 2004). It can reach surface waters directly from skin washing and from incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Fent et al, 2010). BP-4 undergoes some degradation in WWTPs, but incomplete removal combined with elevated concentration values in the influent causes significant emission by WWTPs into surface waters (Wick et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution: Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters

et al. 2013

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processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution. Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters. Wat. Res. 2013, 47, 5943-5953. DOI: 10.1016/j.waters.2013 You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions:(1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license.(2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy. AbstractThe sunlight filter benzophenone-4 (BP-4) is present in surface waters as two prevailing forms, the singly deprotonated (HA − ) and the doubly deprotonated one (A 2− ), with pK a2 = 7.30±0.14 (µ±σ, by dissociation of the phenolic group). In freshwater environments, BP-4 would mainly undergo degradation by reaction with • OH and direct photolysis. The form HA − has a second-order reaction rate constant with • OH ( OH k • ) of (1.87±0.31)⋅10 10 M −1 s −1 and direct photolysis quantum yield Φ equal to (3.2±0.6)⋅10 −5 . The form A 2− has (8.46±0.24)⋅10 9 M −1 s −1 as the reaction rate constant with • OH and (7.0±1.3)⋅10 −5 as the photolysis quantum yield. The direct photolysis of HA − likely proceeds via homolytic breaking of the O-H bond of the phenolic group to give the corresponding phenoxy radical, as suggested by laser flash photolysis experiments. Photochemical modelling shows that because of more efficient direct photolysis (due to both higher sunlight absorption and higher photolysis quantum yield), the A 2− form can be degraded up to 3 times faster than HA − in surface waters. An exception is represented by low-DOC (dissolved organic carbon) conditions, where the • OH reaction dominates degradation and the transformation kinetics of HA − is faster compared to A 2− . The half-life time of BP-4 in mid-latitude summertime would be in the range of days to weeks, depending on the environmental conditions. BP-4 also reacts with Br 2 −• , and a rate constant

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“…Among them, UV filters and preservatives are considered of higher relevance. UV filters are used as ingredients in some sunscreens and a wide variety of cosmetics (skin and hair care products, lotions, creams, fragrances) [11][12][13]. These compounds enter the aquatic environment either directly via wash-off from skin and cloth during recreational activities, or indirectly via wastewater or swimming pool waters [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of them, benzophenone-3 and benzophenone-4 are included in the list of compounds that can be employed as UV filters in sunscreen cosmetic products according to the European Union Legislation [14]. Benzophenone, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-2 seem to present hormonal activity [11][12]. Moreover …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-class determination of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Gracia-Lor

Martínez

Sancho

et al. 2012

Talanta

110

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In this work, a multi-class method for the simultaneous determination of 17 emerging contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, has been developed.Target analytes were two anti-inflammatories, a lipid regulator agent, two angiotensin II antagonists, two antiepileptic drugs and a diuretic. Among personal care products, four preservatives and five UV filters were included. The method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB cartridges followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Up to three simultaneous transitions per compound were acquired to assure a reliable identification. A detailed study of the extraction process efficiency and matrix effects was carried out in surface water and effluent wastewater.The use of isotope-labeled internal standards (ILIS) was tested to compensate both potential SPE losses during sample extraction and signal suppression/enhancement observed, especially in EWW. Satisfactory correction in all water samples was only ensured when the own analyte ILIS was used. The use of analogues ILIS was a rather useful approach for correction in the majority of the samples tested when analyte ILIS was unavailable. The method was successfully validated in five different surface water (SW) samples and five effluent wastewater (EWW) samples spiked at two concentration levels (0.05 and 0.5 μg/L in SW; 0.1 and 0.5 μg/L in EWW). The developed method was applied to the analysis of 22 samples (SW and EWW) from the Spanish Mediterranean area and 51 reservoir water samples from Colombia. Personal care products were frequently detected, with the highest concentrations corresponding to benzophenone and benzophenone-4 (samples from Spain), and methylparaben (samples from Colombia). Several pharmaceuticals were detected in the Spanish samples, where irbesartan 3 and valsartan -two Angiotensin II antagonists that are not commonly monitored in the aquatic environment -were the compounds most frequently detected.

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Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland

Cited by 378 publications

References 28 publications

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of personal care products in river–groundwater interface

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of personal care products in river–groundwater interface

Photochemical processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution: Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters

Multi-class determination of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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