Wie organisiert ist das organisierte Verbrechen?

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Kriminelle Organisationen sind relativ dauerhafte, nach außen geschlossene und intern gegliederte Gebilde. Mit der arbeitsteiligen Her-oder Bereitstellung illegaler Waren und Dienstleistungen haben sie zumeist eine dezidiert wirtschaftliche Komponente. Gleichwohl greifen verbreitete transaktionskostentheoretische Erklärungen krimineller Organisationsbildung zu kurz, da die Spezifika der Illegalität ökonomisch gedacht gegen die Ausbildung vertikal integrierter Organisationen sprechen. Wir zeigen am Beispiel der sizilianischen Mafia, dass kriminelle Organisationen sich nur dann behaupten können, wenn sie sich nicht primär als wirtschaftliche Unternehmen, sondern vor allem als politische Institutionen konstituieren.Abstract: Criminal organizations are relatively enduring, externally closed, internally differentiated entities. Generally speaking, organized crime is based on a specific division of labor; it supplies illegal goods and services, and thus contains an economic component. Nevertheless, popular and well-established explanations of criminal organization which find their bases in transaction cost theory are not adequate to account for this phenomenon. Properly speaking a pure economic interpretation of the specific features of illegal enterprise would contradict the establishment of vertically integrated organizations. Drawing on the example of the Sicilian Mafia, we show that criminal organizations do survive and prosper, but only if they become political institutions as well and act as such.

In the shadow: illegal markets and economic sociology

“…This not only inhibits the development of complex organizational structures (Paul/Schwalb 2011), but also establishes an affinity between illegal market activities and weak or corrupt states. When operating undisturbed by legal prosecution, actors participating in illegal markets are at an advantage: "Criminal groups come about when the state cannot regulate certain markets due to diminished capacity, or when it chooses not to regulate markets by declaring certain commodities and services illegal" (Koivu 2007: 4).…”

Cognitive basis for corruption and attitudes towards corruption in organizations viewed from a structuralist adult developmental meta-perspective.

“…While stage 2 morality primarily asks "what's in it for me", and perceives others in relation to what they can contribute to the satisfaction of one's own needs and interests, stage 3 morality is defined by conformism to reciprocal expectations and good interpersonal relations. A good example for a concrete stage culture is the "ethics of southern Italian mafia of the early 20 th century as described by Pino Arlacchi (1989; see also Paul & Schwalb, 2011).…”