WikiShark

Vardi, E.; Muchnik, Lev; Conway, Alex; Breakstone, Micha

doi:10.1145/3442442.3452341

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Overall, we collected data from 86 pages in total, for 77 mass shootings. Of the 189 shootings, 100 did not have a Wikipedia page and 12 shootings had Wikipedia pages that were not available on “WikiShark” the online tool that allows the extraction of Wikipedia traffic data ( 40 ). Sixty-eight shootings were associated with a single Wikipedia page and nine were associated with two.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not find instances of attacks perpetrated by multiple shooters with individual Wikipedia pages for each of the shooter; for example, there was only one page titled with the names of the perpetrators of the Columbine shooting. Given that Wikipedia officially publishes the number of page visits in the last two months only, we utilized the online tool WikiShark ( 40 ) to collect the daily number of Wikipedia page visits from January 1, 2008 (the first day from which data is available through Wikishark) to April 7, 2022 (the day in which we retrieved the data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fame through surprise: How fame-seeking mass shooters diversify their attacks

Succar,

Barak Ventura,

Belykh

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mass shootings are becoming more frequent in the United States, as we routinely learn from the media about attempts that have been prevented or tragedies that destroyed entire communities. To date, there has been limited understanding of the modus operandi of mass shooters, especially those who seek fame through their attacks. Here, we explore whether the attacks of these fame-seeking mass shooters were more surprising than those of others and clarify the link between fame and surprise in mass shootings. We assembled a dataset of 189 mass shootings from 1966 to 2021, integrating data from multiple sources. We categorized the incidents in terms of the targeted population and shooting location. We measured “surprisal” (often known as “Shannon information content”) with respect to these features, and we scored fame from Wikipedia traffic data—a commonly used metric of fame. Surprisal was significantly higher for fame-seeking mass shooters than non-fame-seeking ones. We also registered a significant positive correlation between fame and surprisal controlling for the number of casualties and injured victims. Not only do we uncover a link between fame-seeking behavior and surprise in the attacks but also we demonstrate an association between the fame of a mass shooting and its surprise.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fame through surprise: How fame-seeking mass shooters diversify their attacks

Succar,

Barak Ventura,

Belykh

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In addition to the coding, we used the online tool Wikishark Trends (Vardi et al, 2021) to extract a measure that reflects the public interest in each event, which might, in turn, serve as a proxy for people’s sense-making motivation. The tool provides daily page views for Wikipedia articles of the English Wikipedia as of January 01, 2008 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines hindsight bias in written work? One field and three experimental studies in the context of Wikipedia.

Meuer¹,

Nestler²,

Oeberst³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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Hindsight bias not only occurs in individual perception but in written work (e.g., Wikipedia articles) as well. To avoid the possibility that biased written representations of events distort the views of broad audiences, one needs to understand the factors that determine hindsight bias in written work. Therefore, we tested the effect of three potential determinants: the extent to which an event evokes sense-making motivation, the availability of verifiable causal information regarding the event, and the provision of content policies. We conducted one field study examining real Wikipedia articles (N = 40) and three preregistered experimental studies in which participants wrote or edited articles based on different materials (total N = 720). In each experiment, we systematically varied one determinant. Findings provide further—and even more general—support that Wikipedia articles about various events contain hindsight bias. The magnitude of hindsight bias in written work was contingent on the sense-making motivation and the availability of causal information. We did not find support for the effect of content policies. Findings are in line with causal model theory and suggest that some types and topics of written work might be particularly biased by hindsight (e.g., coverage of disasters, research reports, written expert opinions).

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“…35. Data sources are https://wikishark.com (Vardi et al 2021) In column 3, we exclude the irrelevant oil prices from the model. Despite their insignificant long-run coefficients, we keep the stock market index and coin days destroyed because they still have significant short-run effects.…”

Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 35. Data sources are https://wikishark.com (Vardi et al 2021) for and https://fred.stlouisfed.org (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) for (S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, FRED code DJIA) and (FRED code DCOILBRENTEU). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ardl: Estimating autoregressive distributed lag and equilibrium correction models

Kripfganz,

Schneider

2023

The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and S

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We present a command, ardl, for the estimation of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in a time-series context. The ardl command can be used to fit an ARDL model with the optimal number of autoregressive and distributed lags based on the Akaike or Bayesian (Schwarz) information criterion. The regression results can be displayed in the ARDL levels form or in the error-correction representation of the model. The latter separates long-run and short-run effects and is available in two different parameterizations of the long-run (cointegrating) relationship. The popular bounds-testing procedure for the existence of a long-run levels relationship is implemented as a postestimation feature. Comprehensive critical values and approximate p-values obtained from response-surface regressions facilitate statistical inference.

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WikiShark

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Fame through surprise: How fame-seeking mass shooters diversify their attacks

Fame through surprise: How fame-seeking mass shooters diversify their attacks

What determines hindsight bias in written work? One field and three experimental studies in the context of Wikipedia.

ardl: Estimating autoregressive distributed lag and equilibrium correction models

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