Wild boar and infectious diseases:  evaluation of the current risk to human and domestic animal health in Switzerland: A review

Meier, Roman Kaspar; Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre

doi:10.17236/sat00168

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Free-living wild boars are recognized as a potential viral disease reservoir for pathogens from domestic pigs [29, 30]. In Japan, wild boars have increased significantly in population size and distribution range [31, 32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of enterovirus G detected in faecal samples of wild boars in Japan: identification of novel genotypes carrying a papain-like cysteine protease sequence

Nagata

Sekiguchi

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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The genetic diversity of enterovirus G (EV-G) was investigated in the wild-boar population in Japan. EV-G-specific reverse transcription PCR demonstrated 30 (37.5 %) positives out of 80 faecal samples. Of these, viral protein 1 (VP1) fragments of 20 samples were classified into G1 (3 samples), G4 (1 sample), G6 (2 samples), G8 (4 samples), G11 (1 sample), G12 (7 samples), G14 (1 sample) and G17 (1 sample), among which 11 samples had a papain-like cysteine protease (PL-CP) sequence, believed to be the first discoveries in G1 (2 samples) or G17 (1 sample) wild-boar EV-Gs, and in G8 (2 samples) or G12 (6 samples) EV-Gs from any animals. Sequences of the non-structural protein regions were similar among EV-Gs possessing the PL-CP sequence (PL-CP EV-Gs) regardless of genotype or origin, suggesting the existence of a common ancestor for these strains. Interestingly, for the two G8 and two G12 samples, the genome sequences contained two versions, with or without the PL-CP sequence, together with the homologous 2C/PL-CP and PL-CP/3A junction sequences, which may explain how the recombination and deletion of the PL-CP sequences occured in the PL-CP EV-G genomes. These findings shed light on the genetic plasticity and evolution of EV-G.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of enterovirus G detected in faecal samples of wild boars in Japan: identification of novel genotypes carrying a papain-like cysteine protease sequence

Nagata

Sekiguchi

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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“…The rapid expansion of wild boar presence represents a special risk for pasture pigs due to an increase in the frequency of potential contacts. Undesirable mating among domestic and wild pigs and the potential contamination with shared pathogens are the most common threats [78,79]. Wild boars have not only been reported as playing an important role in the transmission of parasites, bacteria, and viruses to domestic animals but also to humans [80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild boars have not only been reported as playing an important role in the transmission of parasites, bacteria, and viruses to domestic animals but also to humans [80][81][82][83]. These animals have been identified as potential sources of African swine fever virus [56,73,84], Aujeszky's disease [78,79], brucellosis [78,79,82], Campylobacter [80], classical swine fever [85], giardiasis [80], salmonellosis [81], Streptococcus suis [77], toxoplasmosis [81,82], trichinellosis [61,82], tuberculosis [86,87], and yersiniosis [81] in domestic animals, and leptospirosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis E, brucellosis, and trichinellosis in humans [56,78,83]. Conversely, Batista Linhares et al indicated greater probability of contagion of enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from domestic pigs to wild boars [88].…”

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, on farms raising these pigs a wire-mesh external fence should be used in addition to the electric fence to prevent undesired crossbreeding [78]. Conducting biosecurity programs and disease surveillance protocols both for wild and domestic pigs are key to minimize the risk of introduction and transmission of diseases on pig farms in particular against African swine fever, classic swine fever, Aujeszky's disease, and porcine brucellosis [56,79,89].…”

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Pietrosemoli

Tang

2020

Agriculture

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A review of published literature was conducted to identify pasture pig production system features that pose risks to animal welfare, and to develop recommendations aimed at improving the wellbeing of the animals managed in those systems. Pasture pig production systems present specific challenges to animal welfare that are inherent to the nature of these systems where producers have little room to make improvements. However, these systems present other challenges that could be reduced with a carefully designed system, by adopting appropriate management strategies and by avoiding management practices that are likely to negatively affect animal wellbeing. In pasture pig production systems, exposure to extreme temperatures, potential contact with wildlife and pathogens (especially parasites), vulnerability to predators, risk of malnutrition, pre-weaning piglet mortality, complexity of processes for monitoring and treating sick animals, and for cleaning and disinfection of facilities and equipment are among the main threats to animal welfare.

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“…Konieczne jest równocześnie utrzymanie jak najmniejszej gęstości populacji dzików na danym terenie. Dla osiągnięcia powyższego celu konieczny jest odstrzał dzików na poziomie około 70% pierwotnej populacji dzików/ rok (9).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

Wild boar as the reservoir of pathogens, pathogenic for swine, other species of animals and for humans

Pejsak¹,

Truszczyński²,

Tarasiuk³

2019

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on wild boar as a reservoir of viruses, bacteria and parasites being pathogenic also to other species of animals, and for humans, but particularly to pigs belonging to the same species, Sus scrofa, as the wild boar. Since wild boar and domestic pigs belong to the same taxonomic species they are susceptible to the same pathogens and can infect each other. Therefore free – ranging wild boar are increasingly considered to be a threat to the pig industry and the international movement of pigs and swine products. Particularly African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot and mouth disease are those OIE-listed diseases, discussed in the paper. Additionally, domestic pigs can be infected from wild boar by PPV, PCV2, TGE and ADV. The last mentioned microorganism is causing infection and disease also in other species of animals. The wild boar is participating, by carriership, of infecting several species of animals and human by Leptospira serotypes, Brucella suis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., pathogenic serovars of Escherichia coli. The same relates to bovine tuberculosis, Japanase encephalitis virus and influenza A typ viruses. Finally trichinellosis transfer from wild boar to humans with not cooked meat containing larves of Trichinella spp. is mentioned. In general remarks it is noted that to prevent pathogen introduction from wild boar to domestic animals particularly to pigs, but also other species and to humans the surveillance of the wild boar behaviour in their living conditions and environment is recommended...

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Wild boar and infectious diseases: evaluation of the current risk to human and domestic animal health in Switzerland: A review

Cited by 35 publications

References 61 publications

Genetic diversity of enterovirus G detected in faecal samples of wild boars in Japan: identification of novel genotypes carrying a papain-like cysteine protease sequence

Genetic diversity of enterovirus G detected in faecal samples of wild boars in Japan: identification of novel genotypes carrying a papain-like cysteine protease sequence

Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Wild boar as the reservoir of pathogens, pathogenic for swine, other species of animals and for humans

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