Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a possible vector of mycobacterial infections: review of literature and critical analysis of data from Central Europe between 1983 to 2001

Macháčková, M.; Mátlová, L.; Lamka, J.; Smolík, Josef; Melicharec, I.; Hanzlikova, M.; Docekal, Jan; Cvetnić, Željko; Nagy, G.; Lipiec, Marek; Ocepek, M.; Pavlík, I.

doi:10.17221/5750-vetmed

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The brucellas isolated were identified as B. suis biovar 2, as that was also the case in other countries of Central and Western Europe. Wild boar could be the reservoirs of B. suis biovar 2 in Croatia as of Mycobacterium bovis (Machackova et al, 2003) and in this way should be wild boar populations assessed and carcasses handled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Republic of Croati

Cvetnić¹,

Tončić²,

Špičić³

et al. 2004

Vet. Med.

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During the years 2001 and 2002 on seven localities in Croatia a survey on the prevalence of brucellosis in wild boar was carried out. The survey included 271 (52.7%) female and 243 (47.3%) male animals between 7 months and 4 years of age and weighing from 14 to 135 kg. On that occasion 514 blood samples of wild boar were serologically analysed. For serological analysis indirect enzyme immunoassay (iELISA), Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and slow agglutination test (SAT) were used. In all of the wild boar from all of the localities investigated positive reactions to brucellosis were established. Most of the positive reactions were established by iELISA (13.6%), then by RBT (11.5%), CFT (10.5%) and SAT (8.9%). Tissue samples of 106 animals: testes samples from 67 animals, uterus tissue from 38 animals and 5 fetuses of piglets from 1 mother were analysed bacteriologically. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from 18 (17.0%) animals that originated from all of the localities investigated. Isolates were identified by PCR using BRU-UP and BRU-LOW primers specific for genus Brucella and primers specific for IS711. Based on our results it could be concluded that in Croatia wild boar are natural vector and/or reservoirs of B. suis biovar 2. This permanent risk factor is hazardious for domestic and wild animals in the Republic of Croatia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Republic of Croati

Cvetnić¹,

Tončić²,

Špičić³

et al. 2004

Vet. Med.

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“…-Czech, 48, 2003(5): 113-125 1999Aranaz et al, 1999;Dvorska et al, 2001). None of the above mentioned species was isolated in other animals in this period, with the exception of one isolation of M. bovis in 1999 from one farm-reared deer (Pavlik et al, 2002b,c,d,e;Machackova et al, 2000Machackova et al, , 2003. Only in the preceding decade in 1984 M. tuberculosis was identified from caseated pleuritis in an old dog (a cross-breed), whose owner (an older man) was also infected with M. tuberculosis (Cada F., 2000, State Veterinary Institute Plzen, Czech Republic, personal communication).…”

Section: Laboratory Examination Of the Tissues Samples Of Pigsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Dvorská³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In the decade monitored a total of 45 873 318 pigs were slaughtered and examined according to veterinary hygiene standards. Apart from 1991, when results of tuberculous findings were not obtained, tuberculous lesions were found in 134 088 (0.32%) of the 41 458 565 pigs examined in the remaining nine years. During a detailed analysis of the pathological anatomical examination of 190 940 pigs slaughtered in one district, tuberculous lesions in lymph nodes were found in 4 107 (2.2%) pigs: mesenteric (65.3% pigs), submandibular (18.6% pigs), inguinal (0.1% pigs) and simultaneously intestinal and head lymph nodes (15.9% pigs). Miliary tuberculosis was found only in the parenchymatous organs of four (0.1%) pigs. The following financial losses resulted: 6% for confiscating the head, intestines and stomach, and from 22 to 24% for assessing meat as conditionally edible a�er processing, i.e. intended only for heat-processed products. Mycobacteria were isolated from 7 246 (41.8%) pigs through the cultivation of tissue samples from 17 326 pigs. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in only five (0.07%) animals which originated from the last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in ca�le in the Czech Republic in 1995. M. avium complex (MAC) isolates came from 6 870 (94.8%) animals: 55.7% M. a. avium isolates were mainly of serotypes 2 and 3 and genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ and 39.2% M. a. hominissuis isolates were mainly of serotypes 4, 8 and 9 and genotype IS901-and IS1245+. Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum) were isolated from 371 (5.1%) pigs. In the whole period monitored, two marked increases in the findings of tuberculous lesions were recorded: In the mid-1990s as a result of using deep bedding with wood shavings and at the end of the 1990s as a result of supplementing the pigs' feed with peat. The predominant occurrence of M. a. avium isolates of genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ in the first half of the 1990s was replaced above all by M. a. hominissuis isolates of genotype IS901-and IS1245+. The reason for this was probably a change in the sources of infection for pigs. While at the beginning of the 1990s the most frequent source of infection were wild and domestic birds, various parts of the external environment became the source of the infection for pigs from the mid-1990s. In the years 1996 to 1999, Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 203 (11.6%) of the 1 745 animals examined. It was solely isolated from 154 (8.8%) animals and from 49 (2.8%) animals together with mycobacteria.

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“…1 The continuing expansion of this species raises concerns regarding the control of diseases shared with livestock. 15 Due to their rooting habits, omnivorous diet, ability to cross barriers and contact with a broad range of wild and domestic animals, 7,16 and susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, 19 wild boar or their feral pig relatives have been used as disease sentinels. 22 In southwestern Europe, bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Tests for Detecting Antibodies against Mycobacterium Bovis and Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Eurasian Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa Scrofa)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. New tools to detect exposure of free-range Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) to pathogenic mycobacteria would be valuable for improved disease surveillance and wildlife management. Two hundred sera from wild boar of known Mycobacterium bovis infection status were used to evaluate test suitability for the detection of antibodies against M. bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (or crossreacting members of the M. avium complex). Two traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were evaluated using M. bovis purified protein derivative (bPPD) and paratuberculosis protoplasmatic antigen 3 (PPA3) as antigens, respectively, and a new point-of-care test format for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) that uses the innovative dual-path platform (DPP TB) test. The effect of individual factors (sex, age, lesions) on the diagnostic performance of the serologic tests was also determined. Although the DPP had a sensitivity of 89.6% and a specificity of 90.4%, for bPPD, the sensitivity was 79.2% and the specificity 100%. Both tests had a kappa agreement of 0.80. Sixty-five of 68 (95.6%) wild boar sera with antibodies against the PPA3 antigen corresponded to known M. bovis-infected wild boar. Significant differences were not observed in the bPPD and DPP readings among lesion categories or between age classes. A slight sex-related difference in sensitivity toward males in the DPP was found, but it was not detected in the bPPD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results support the use of antibody-based diagnostic tests for both large-scale and individual bTB testing of Eurasian wild boar and suggest that wild boar cannot be used as sentinels for infections caused by M. avium complex members.

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a possible vector of mycobacterial infections: review of literature and critical analysis of data from Central Europe between 1983 to 2001

Cited by 68 publications

References 20 publications

Brucellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Republic of Croati

Brucellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Republic of Croati

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Serologic Tests for Detecting Antibodies against Mycobacterium Bovis and Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Eurasian Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa Scrofa)

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