Wild Bornean orangutans experience muscle catabolism during episodes of fruit scarcity

O'Connell, Caitlin A; DiGiorgio, Andrea L.; Ugarte, Alexa D.; Brittain, Rebecca; Naumenko, Daniel J; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; Vogel, Erin R.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89186-4

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…comm. ), but more recent examinations of metabolic and endocrine functions suggest that physiological disruption occurs (Vogel et al 2012; O'Connell et al 2021). Even with these environmental perturbations, available data suggest that young orangutan survival is the highest among the apes (van Noordwijk et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory and Assessment of the Pongo (Linnaeus, 1760) Skeletal Collection Housed at the Yale Peabody Museum

Walls,

Aronsen

2023

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

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Museum collections are critical resources for examination of comparative anatomy, developmental biology, and life history hypotheses. Skeletal collections provide insight into spatiotemporal, species, population, and individual variation associated with environmental, social, and epidemiological history. For endangered species such as great apes, these collections provide data nearly impossible to replicate today. In this third in a series of articles reviewing the great ape holdings of the Yale Peabody Museum, we describe the Pongo skeletal collection. Nine catalog numbers in the collection represent nine individuals: two males, five females, and two individuals of indeterminate sex. Evidence of trauma, socioecology, metabolic stressors, infectious disease, and captive management issues are described in detail. The collection exhibits taxonomic diversity as well, with two species present. Our evaluation of the Yale Peabody Museum collection provides a baseline for future research and testable hypotheses for alternate techniques, such as isotopic analyses of dental calculus and noninvasive genetic testing. Museum collections continue to provide new insights into taxonomic and individual variation and environmental context, ultimately allowing for comparisons between modern and historical environmental and behavioral variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory and Assessment of the Pongo (Linnaeus, 1760) Skeletal Collection Housed at the Yale Peabody Museum

Walls,

Aronsen

2023

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

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“…Finding food in an unfamiliar habitat could also pose energetic stresses. Orangutans can exhibit decreased body weights and depleted fat stores during periods of low fruit availability ( 106 ). Wild orangutans with low body weights found foraging in oil palm plantations or other human crops are often considered to be starving and in need of being moved to new habitats, but instead may in some cases be going through a natural cycle of muscle catabolism during low fruit availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Sherman¹,

Unwin

Travis

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans in situ.

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“…Because this paper focuses on the motivations behind the use of foraging strategies, we highlight analytes of energy balance and what their quantification can offer to controlled experiments in wild settings. Specifically, these include cortisol (response to a stressor; Novak et al, 2013; Preis et al, 2019), C‐Peptides (energy balance; Emery Thompson, 2017; Polonsky et al, 1986), ketone bodies (fat catabolism; Knott, 1998; Naumenko et al, 2019), creatinine (muscle mass and lean body mass; Emery Thompson et al, 2012, 2020; Miller et al, 2004; O'Connell et al, 2021), urea (nitrogen balance and protein energy; Vogel, Crowley, et al, 2012; Vogel, Knott, et al, 2012) and T3 (metabolism; Behringer et al, 2018; Deschner et al, 2020; Emery Thompson, 2017).…”

Section: Section 2: Influencing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicomponent approach to studying cultural propensities during foraging in the wild

Mannion

Ballare

Marks

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Determining the cultural propensities or cultural behaviours of a species during foraging entails an investigation of underlying drivers and motivations. 2.In this article, we propose a multi-component approach involving behaviour, ecology, and physiology to accelerate the study of cultural propensities in the wild. 3.We propose as the first component the use of field experiments that simulate natural contexts, such as foraging behaviours and tool use opportunities, to explore social learning and cultural tendencies in a variety of species. To further accelerate this component, we discuss and advocate for the use of modern machine learning video analysis tools. 4.In conjunction, we examine non-invasive methods to measure ecological influences on foraging such as phenology, fruit availability, dietary intake; and physiological influences such as stress, protein balance, energetics, and metabolism. We feature non-invasive urine sampling to investigate urea, creatinine, ketone bodies, the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol and Connecting peptides of insulin. 5.To conclude, we highlight the benefits of combining ecological and physiological conditions with behavioural field experiments. This can be done across wild species, and provides the framework needed to test ecological hypotheses related to cultural behaviour.

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Wild Bornean orangutans experience muscle catabolism during episodes of fruit scarcity

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Inventory and Assessment of the Pongo (Linnaeus, 1760) Skeletal Collection Housed at the Yale Peabody Museum

Inventory and Assessment of the Pongo (Linnaeus, 1760) Skeletal Collection Housed at the Yale Peabody Museum

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

A multicomponent approach to studying cultural propensities during foraging in the wild

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