Wild Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes: Nepenthaceae) in Lowland of Tanjung Selor: A Notes of Diversity, Conservation and Threats

Abstract

Borneo is the second-highest diversity island for Nepenthes, with approximately comprising 23 species that were spread on this island. Species found on lowland to highland with variety habitat and ecological types. Tanjung Selor is the capital city of Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. Nepenthes distribution in these areas has never been reported, particularly in the heath forest. The study was conducted to report the floristic of Nepenthes in Tanjung Selor. We used a desktop study and field exploration on heath forest of Tanjung Selor in 2019 with rapid biodiversity assessment method. The preliminary report of Nepenthes in Bulungan are presented with species description, ecology, threats, illustration, and a brief disscusion regarding the species. We reported six wild species and one natural hybrid of Nepenthes based on exploration. Nepenthe’s habitat is in an open area, roadside, and heath forest vegetation. The threats are higher from habitat degradation and land conversion to agricultural land or non-agricultural uses. In this paper, we mentioned Nepenthes fusca growth in lowland habitat, commonly found in highland.

Floristic diversity and composition of heath forest in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut District, Indonesia

“…Not a single Nepenthes individual was found in KTHF. This condition is clearly different with heath forests in other regions, such as in Sejahtera Village, West Kalimantan which contained 3 species of Nepenthes (Rantau et al 2021), in Pematang Gadung, West Kalimantan with 4 species (Utari et al 2023), in Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan with 8 species (Mansur and Brearley 2008), Tanjung Selor, North Kalimantan with 6 species (Agustiorini et al 2022), in Bangka Belitung Islands with 3 species (Rizqiani et al 2018), and in Brunei Darussalam with 2 species (Latiff et al 2014). Nepenthes has the adaptation ability to live in nutrient-poor and infertile areas such as in heath soils (Mansur et al 2021(Mansur et al , 2022.…”

“…The distribution of heath forests in Sumatra includes the Bangka and Belitung Islands (Oktavia et al 2015(Oktavia et al , 2021. In Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan), heath forests occur in the provinces of West Kalimantan (Navratil 2013;Utari et al 2023), Central Kalimantan (Maimunah et al 2019;Kissinger 2022), East Kalimantan (Kartawinata 1980;Navratil 2013;Setiawan et al 2021), North Kalimantan (Agustiorini et al 2022) and South Kalimantan (Nugroho et al 2022b). Heath forests also occur in Brunei Darussalam (Din et al 2015;Ikbal et al 2023;Zaini and Sukri 2014) and Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak) (Lim 2006).…”

The threatened plant species in Central Kalimantan of Indonesia and its utilization potencies

“…The genus Etlingera of the family Zingiberaceae had potency as an anti-microbial [25]. The species of the family Nepenthaceae and Orchidaceae could be developed as ornamental plants [26][27].…”