Wild Sunflower Species as a Genetic Resource for Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

Seiler, Gerald J.; Jan, Chao‐Chien

doi:10.1515/helia-2014-0013

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This has led to the appearance of races F, G, and H and others that have not been assigned a race designation. Resistance, including immunity, to broomrape in 7 annuals and 32 perennial CWR provides breeders with a broad genetic base from which to search for resistance to existing and newly emerging races (reviewed by Seiler and Jan, 2014; Jan et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Biotic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

2017

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the few crops native to the United States. The current USDA–ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) crop wild relatives sunflower collection is the largest extant collection in the world, containing 2519 accessions comprising 53 species—39 perennial and 14 annual. To fully utilize gene bank collections, however, researchers need more detailed information about the amount and distribution of genetic diversity present within the collection. The wild species are adapted to a wide range of habitats and possess considerable variability for most biotic and abiotic traits. This represents a substantial amount of genetic diversity available for many agronomic traits for cultivated sunflower, which has a very narrow genetic base. Sunflower ranked fifth highest among 13 crops of major importance to global food security surveyed from the mid‐1980s to 2005 in the use of traits from crop wild relatives. The estimated annual economic contribution of the wild species for cultivated sunflower is between US$267 to 384 million. Most of the value is derived from the PET1 cytoplasm from wild H. petiolaris, disease resistance genes, abiotic salt tolerance, and resistance to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Crop wild relatives provide a wide range of valuable attributes for traditional and molecular breeding, as well as for ecological experimentation, and have enabled rapid advances in ecological and evolutionary genetics. The wild species of Helianthus continue to contribute specific traits to combat emerging pests and environmental challenges and, at the same time, are preserved for future generations.

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Section: Biotic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

2017

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“…The largest germplasm collection of wild Helianthus spp., maintained by the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System, contains accessions from 14 annual and 39 perennial species (Seiler and Jan, 2014). Whereas annual species are diploid (2n = 34), perennial species include diploid, tetraploid (2n = 68), and hexaploid (2n = 102) species (Jan and Seiler, 2007).…”

Section: Genetics Of Resistance and Avirulence: The Gene-for-gene Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on resistance to sunflower broomrape: an integrated vision

Velasco

Pérez‐Vich

Fernández‐Martínez

2016

OCL

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-Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) parasitization on sunflower was first observed at the end of the 19th century and has continued since then jeopardizing sunflower cultivation in many areas of Europe and Asia. A distinctive characteristic of the O. cumana-sunflower parasitic system is that it is mainly governed by a genefor-gene interaction. This determines complete resistance in the host controlled by dominant alleles at a single locus, which facilitates the management of the resistance for hybrid seed production. But on the other hand avirulence in the parasite is also controlled by dominant alleles at a single gene. Monogenic, dominant resistance exerts a strong selection pressure on the parasite that maximizes the probability of overcoming resistance mechanisms in a short period of time. This has in fact resulted in a number of physiological races that periodically surpass all the available resistance sources. The spread of populations to new areas and the subsequent hybridization between populations is another mechanism creating genetic diversity in sunflower broomrape and allegedly recombination of avirulences genes. After more than one century of coexistence, genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower has to be focused under an integrated approach that considers not only the characterization of resistance mechanisms in the host, but also the genetic and physiological bases of avirulence in the parasite. From the perspective of genetic resistance in sunflower, most important is not relying only on single dominant genes, but following instead pyramiding strategies. These should give priority to combining complementary mechanisms of resistance under both qualitative (vertical) and quantitative (horizontal) genetic control. These aspects are discussed in the paper. Keywords:Avirulence genes / broomrape / genetic resistance / Orobanche cumana / sunflower Résumé -Recherche de résistance à l'orobanche chez le tournesol : une vision intégrée. Le parasitisme de l'orobanche du tournesol (Orobanche cumana Wallr) a été observé à la fin du 19 e siècle et a continué depuis lors, mettant en péril la culture du tournesol dans de nombreuses régions d'Europe et d'Asie. Une caractéristique spécifique de l'interaction O.cumana-Tournesol est qu'elle est principalement régie par une interaction gène pour gène. Elle détermine une résistance totale de l'hôte contrôlée par des allèles dominants à un seul locus, ce qui facilite la gestion de la résistance pour la production de semences hybrides. Mais d'un autre côté, l'avirulence du parasite est également contrôlée par les allèles dominants d'un seul gène. Monogénique et dominante, la résistance exerce une forte pression de sélection sur le parasite qui maximise la probabilité de surmonter les mécanismes de résistance dans un court laps de temps. Cela a en fait abouti à un certain nombre de races physiologiques d'orobanche qui contournent régulièrement toutes les sources de résistance disponibles. La propagation des populations en de nouveaux lieux et l'hyb...

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“…A series of biotic and abiotic stresses continue to limit the productivity of cultivated sunflower. There are 53 wild species in the genus Helianthus, including 14 annual and 39 perennial (Seiler and Jan 2014). Wild Helianthus annual species are diploid, with chromosome number (2n=2x=34) similar to cultivated sunflower, whereas wild Helianthus perennial species include 29 diploids (2n=2x=34), 4 tetraploids (2n=2x=68) and 6 hexaploids (2n=2x=102).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific hybrid between cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and silver leaf sunflower H. argophyllus T. & G.: Cytomorphological and molecular characterization

Meena¹,

Sujatha²,

Soni³

2017

Ind. Jrnl. Gen. Plnt. Bree.

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Successful interspecific hybrids were obtained through hybridization between cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.; 2n=2x=34) variety ARM-243B and a wild species (H. argophyllus; 2n=2x=34) accession no. PI-468649 for transferring desirable traits like downy mildew resistance, oil content and hopper resistance from wild species into cultivated background. Morphological, cytological and simple sequence repeats (SSR)-based molecular analyses were carried out to confirm the hybrid nature of the F 1 plants. The hybrids exhibited morphological features intermediate to both the parents for few attributes and showed greater similarity to wild Helianthus species for traits like leaf and stem hairiness, flower colour, stem size, branching, disc floret pigmentation, plant height, seed size and seed shape, etc. A reduction (89.9%) in pollen fertility was recorded in F 1 plants. Meiotic analysis revealed the presence of univalents, bivalents, trivalents and quadrivalents in all the pollen mother cells (PMCs) analysed. Multivalents were observed in few PMCs, indicating segmental homology between chromosomes. Higher level of chromosome configurations like quadrivalents were observed in 42 out of 50 PMCs. Frequently observed chromosome configurations in diakinensis were 15 II + 1 IV and 13 II + 2 IV. The results suggested that the species H. argophyllus and H. annuus differ by 1-2 translocations. SSR primers ORS-05, ORS-896 and ORS-908 were found to reveal highly polymorphic bands in the parents.

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Wild Sunflower Species as a Genetic Resource for Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

Abstract: Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

Research on resistance to sunflower broomrape: an integrated vision

Interspecific hybrid between cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and silver leaf sunflower H. argophyllus T. & G.: Cytomorphological and molecular characterization

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