Wild Type and Variants of Sars-Cov-2 in Parisian Sewage: Dynamics in Raw Water and Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Abstract

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been extensively reported at the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide and its monitoring has been proposed as a potential surveillance tool to early alert of epidemic outbreaks. However, the fate of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the treatment process of WWTP has not been widely studied yet; therefore in this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of treatment processes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in wastewater. The treatment process of three WWTPs of the Parisian area in France were monitored on six different weeks over a period of two months (from April 14th to June 9th 2021). SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies were detected using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). Investigation on the presence of variants of concern (Del69-70E484 and L452R) was also performed. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in the WWTPs influents were expressed as the viral charge per population equivalent and showed a good correlation with French public health indicators (incidence rate). SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were notably reduced along the water treatment lines of the three WWTPs studied (2.5-3.4 log). Finally, very low SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were detected in effluents (non-detected in over half of the samples) which indicated that the potential health risk of the release of wastewater effluents to the environment is probably insignificant, in the case of WWTPs enabling an efficient biological removal of nitrogen.

Molecular Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Sewage Plants in Venice and the Implications for Genetic Surveillance

“…Leveraging current next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offers an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the viral genetic diversity in different communities and promptly detect recent introductions of variants of concern or new variants of SARS-CoV-2 at a population level. This approach has been successfully applied in several countries, including France, , the United States, − Israel, The Netherlands, and Belgium . Importantly, if coupled with targeted sequencing from clinical cases, WW sequencing has the potential to increase the coverage of information and provide critical data for the genetic surveillance and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2.…”