Wild-Type MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, and Itraconazole and Candida spp. as Determined by CLSI Broth Microdilution

Pfaller, Michael A.; Espinel-Ingroff, Ana; Cantón, Emilia; Castanheira, Mariana; Cuenca-Estrella, M.; Diekema, Daniel J.; Fothergill, Annette W.; Fuller, Jeffrey; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.; Jones, Ronald N.; Lockhart, Shawn R.; Martín-Mazuelos, Estrella; Melhem, Márcia de Souza Carvalho; Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis; Pappas, Peter G.; Peláez, Teresa; Pemán, J; Rex, John H.; Szeszs, Maria Walderez

doi:10.1128/jcm.00248-12

Cited by 137 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The ECVs determined after 24-h incubation for amphotericin B and each species of Candida are shown in Table 1. The ECV was 2 g/ml for all species and encompasses 97% to 100% of results for the indicated species (76).…”

Section: Development Of Epidemiological Cutoff Values (Ecvs) For Candmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…should be considered WT (MIC Յ ECV) or non-WT (MIC Ͼ ECV) with respect to amphotericin B susceptibility (76). This cutoff would encompass all of the isolates reported by Rex et al (81,82) and by Park et al (53).…”

Section: Development Of Epidemiological Cutoff Values (Ecvs) For Candmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing now plays an increasingly important role in guiding therapeutic decision making, as an aid in drug development studies, and as a means of tracking the development of antifungal resistance in epidemiological studies (5,16,26,35,37,52,55,57,86,88). In recent years, studies by the CLSI Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing and collaborating investigators have generated data to support a more rapid time for MIC result reporting (39,61,71,72), established epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for Candida and the systemically active antifungal agents (63,67,73,74,76), and developed new speciesspecific clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for fluconazole (65), voriconazole (69), and the echinocandins (70). This review summarizes these recent advances in the performance of antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that a shorter duration of incubation avoids the potentially confounding effect of trailing growth on 48-h MICs (7,61,80,84), is more efficient and practical for use in the clinical laboratory (22,61), and provides useful information sooner (30,48,54), attention has been focused on the validation of 24-h MIC determinations for antifungal agents and Candida. Investigators have used previously gathered Candida MIC data to evaluate the essential agreement (EA; agreement within Ϯ2 log 2 dilutions) and categorical agreement (CA) between MIC values determined at 24-h and 48-h incubation for amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole (39,50,61,63,67,72,73,76). It is now clear that MIC determinations at 24 h provide good EA and CA with 48-h values for these antifungal agents and up to 11 different species of Candida, allowing clinical laboratories to read BMD MICs for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida in the same time frame as other antimicrobial susceptibility tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012

2012

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Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida has been standardized and refined and now may play a useful role in managing Candida infections. Important new developments include validation of 24-h reading times for all antifungal agents and the establishment of species-specific epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for the systemically active antifungal agents and both common and uncommon species of Candida . The clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for fluconazole, voriconazole, and the echinocandins have been revised to provide species-specific interpretive criteria for the six most common species. The revised CBPs not only are predictive of clinical outcome but also provide a more sensitive means of identifying those strains with acquired or mutational resistance mechanisms. This brief review serves as an update on the new developments in the antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida spp. using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) methods.

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Section: Development Of Epidemiological Cutoff Values (Ecvs) For Candmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Epidemiological Cutoff Values (Ecvs) For Candmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012

2012

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“…Los productos de RPC se purificaron usando el sistema comercial High Pure PCR Product Purification Otros mecanismos estudiados son la sobre-expresión de bombas de eflujo como CDR1, CDR2 y MDR1 21, [24][25][26] . Las bombas CDR1 y CDR2 son transportadores del tipo ABC y MDR1 es una bomba del tipo MFS anti-porte (transporta dos solutos hacia distintos lados de la mem-…”

Section: Secuenciación De La Región 405-488 Del Gen Erg11unclassified

Caracterización de los mecanismos de resistencia a azoles en aislados clínicos chilenos de Candida albicans

Fuentes

Hermosilla

Alburquenque

et al. 2014

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Candida , Cryptococcus , and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance

Borman,

Johnson

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Unicellular fungi which typically divide by budding have traditionally been referred to as yeasts. The rapidly expanding use of molecular identification strategies has permitted detailed phylogenetic analyses, allowing more accurate delineation of taxonomic boundaries and the reclassification of many yeast species and genera. Molecular identification approaches have also further added to the taxonomic complexity via the delineation of a number of cryptic species and species complexes in many traditional Candida species that can be separated only based on DNA sequencing analysis. The heterogeneous genus Candida belongs to the order Saccharomycetales within the ascomycetes. Rhodotorula spp. and species in the allied genus Cystobasidium share many similar physiologic and morphologic properties with Cryptococcus spp., as they are round to oval‐shaped, multilateral budding yeasts with capsules, although capsules, when present, are typically small. Carbohydrate antigens have provided useful targets for several commercial kits for the detection of disseminated candidiasis.

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Wild-Type MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, and Itraconazole and Candida spp. as Determined by CLSI Broth Microdilution

Cited by 137 publications

References 40 publications

Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012

Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012

Caracterización de los mecanismos de resistencia a azoles en aislados clínicos chilenos de Candida albicans

Candida , Cryptococcus , and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance

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