Wildfire, morphologic change and bed material transport at Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia

Eaton, Brett C.; Andrews, Christie; Giles, Tim; Phillips, J.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.02.008

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These predicted, long‐term changes are consistent with what has occurred in Fishtrap Creek following a forest fire in 2003 (see Eaton and Giles, ; Eaton et al , ). Following the fire, the channel developed a multiple‐thread pattern with two anabranches for about on‐half of the reach length (see Figure ), although the mean channel gradient in the study reach did not change, and no evidence was found for a dramatic increase in sediment supply following the fire (see Eaton et al , ). Neither patterns with three anabranches nor four were observed in the study reach.…”

Section: Applications Of the Ubcrmsupporting

confidence: 78%

Predicting gravel bed river response to environmental change: the strengths and limitations of a regime‐based approach

Eaton

Millar

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Rivers respond to environmental changes such as climate shifts, land use changes and the construction of hydro‐power dams in a variety of ways. Often there are multiple potential responses to any given change. Traditionally, potential stream channel response has been assessed using simple, qualitative frameworks based largely on professional judgement and field experience, or using some form of regime theory. Regime theory represents an attempt to use a physically based approach to predict the configuration of stable channels that can transport the imposed sediment supply with the available discharge. We review the development of regime theory, and then present a specific regime model that we have created as a stand‐alone computer program, called the UBC Regime Model (UBCRM). UBCRM differs from other regime models in that it constrains its predictions using a bank stability criterion, as well as a pattern stability criterion; it predicts both the stable channel cross‐sectional dimensions as well as the number of anabranches that the stream must have in order to establish a stable channel pattern. UBCRM also differs from other models in that it can be used in a stochastic modelling mode that translates uncertainty in the input variables into uncertainty in the predicted channel characteristics. However, since regime models are fundamentally based on the concept of grade, there are circumstances in which the model does not perform well. We explore the strengths and weaknesses of the UBCRM in this paper, and we attempt to illustrate how the UBCRM can be used to augment the existing qualitative frameworks, and to help guide professionals in their assessments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Applications Of the Ubcrmsupporting

confidence: 78%

Predicting gravel bed river response to environmental change: the strengths and limitations of a regime‐based approach

Eaton

Millar

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Relatively few jams persist for 100 yrs, but if they do, they invariably store large volumes of sediment (i.e., between 50 m 3 and 150 m 3 ). As a point of reference, the largest jam that formed at Fishtrap Creek stored on the order of 176 m 3 [ Eaton et al , 2010a], which indicates that the upper size limit of the jams formed in theRSCS are reasonable.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Modeling Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Near the lower end of the incised reach, Fishtrap Creek flows over a confined floodplain. This part of the stream has been studied extensively since a forest fire occurred there in 2003 [ Phillips , 2007; Leach and Moore , 2008; Phillips and Eaton , 2009; Andrews , 2010; Eaton et al , 2010a, 2010b], and a physical model has been used to study the effect of LW load on bed material sediment storage and transport at the study site [ Davidson , 2011]. As a result, the characteristics of large wood in that system are relatively well known, as are the bed material transport dynamics.…”

Section: Reach‐scale Channel Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median bed surface texture ( D 50 ) at Fishtrap Creek varies from about 30 mm to 60 mm throughout the study reach, with a coarse tail that often extends into the 128–181 mm size range [ Phillips , 2007; Andrews , 2010]. Based on an analysis of tracer movement data and documented morphologic change, we have estimated the annual bed material sediment load ( Q bm ) to typically vary between 200 and 400 m 3 /yr for a reach that is about 400 m in length, with peak transport rates on the order of 1000 m 3 /yr occurring within the reach following the failure of a large LW jam [ Eaton et al , 2010a].…”

Section: Reach‐scale Channel Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling wood dynamics, jam formation, and sediment storage in a gravel‐bed stream

2012

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[1] In small and intermediate sized streams, the interaction between wood and bed material transport often determines the nature of the physical habitat, which in turn influences the health of the stream's ecosystem. We present a stochastic model that can be used to simulate the effects on physical habitat of forest fires, climate change, and other environmental disturbances that alter wood recruitment. The model predicts large wood (LW) loads in a stream as well as the volume of sediment stored by the wood; while it is parameterized to describe gravel bed streams similar to a well-studied field prototype, Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia, it can be calibrated to other systems as well. In the model, LW pieces are produced and modified over time as a result of random tree-fall, LW breakage, LW movement, and piece interaction to form LW jams. Each LW piece traps a portion of the annual bed material transport entering the reach and releases the stored sediment when the LW piece is entrained and moved. The equations governing sediment storage are based on a set of flume experiments also scaled to the field prototype. The model predicts wood loads ranging from 70 m 3 /ha to more than 300 m 3 /ha, with a mean value of 178 m 3 /ha: both the range and the mean value are consistent with field data from streams with similar riparian forest types and climate. The model also predicts an LW jam spacing that is consistent with field data. Furthermore, our modeling results demonstrate that the high spatial and temporal variability in sediment storage, sediment transport, and channel morphology associated with LW-dominated streams occurs only when LW pieces interact and form jams. Model runs that do not include jam formation are much less variable. These results suggest that river restoration efforts using engineered LW pieces that are fixed in place and not permitted to interact will be less successful at restoring the geomorphic processes responsible for producing diverse, productive physical habitats than efforts using LW pieces that are free to move, interact, and form LW jams.

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“…En otras latitudes, se ha observado que, posterior a la ocurrencia de incendios forestales, se da un incremento en la incidencia de procesos erosivos como escorrentía, arroyada, avenidas torrenciales y flujos de lodo (Bendix y Cowell, 2010;Eaton et al, 2010;Moody et al, 2008;Nyman et al, 2011;Langhans et al, 2017;Stoffel y Wilford, 2012). Por tanto, en las zonas tropicales el suelo desnudo es más susceptible al desarrollo de escorrentía superficial, de procesos de arroyada que incluso podrían estar relacionados con inundaciones súbitas y flujos de lodo, cuando empiece la época de lluvias por la alta cantidad de sedimentos y restos vegetales disponibles en el sistema fluvial.…”

Section: Geomorfología Y Vulnerabilidad a Incendios Forestales En El unclassified

Influencia geomorfológica en la vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Vargas-Sanabria¹,

Quesada-Guzmán²

2018

Rev. Ambientales.

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Los artículos publicados se distribuyen bajo una Creative Commons Reconocimiento al autor-No comercial-Compartir igual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY NC SA 4.0 Internacional) basada en una obra en http://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/ambientales, lo que implica la posibilidad de que los lectores puedan de forma gratuita descargar, almacenar, copiar y distribuir la versión final aprobada y publicada (post print) del artículo, siempre y cuando se realice sin fines comerciales, no se generen obras derivadas y se mencione la fuente y autoría de la obra. Influencia geomorfológica en la vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa RicaResumen El bosque tropical seco ubicado en el pacífico norte de Costa Rica es afectado de forma recurrente por incendios forestales, lo que impulsa cambios en la dinámica del paisaje, así como en los valores socioeconómicos y ecológicos del ecosistema. El objetivo del estudio es determinar las relaciones de la geomorfología en la vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, a partir de la relación entre el origen y la edad del material parental, así como la dinámica, morfología y evolución de las geoformas con las condiciones climáticas regionales y el bosque seco. Se realizó una cartografía geomorfológica con dos grupos genéticos: endógeno-modelado (cerro El Hacha, rampas volcánicas del complejo Orosí-Cacao, colinas tectónicas de Santa Elena) y exógeno (planicie costera). Se utilizó un modelo de vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales, que contempla componentes socioeconómicos y ecológicos; y, por último, se llevó a cabo un análisis cruzado entre las formas de relieve y el modelo de vulnerabilidad mediante el cruce de datos geoespaciales. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje entre las formas de relieve y los rangos de vulnerabilidad indican un patrón en la morfología y el comportamiento en la composición de las laderas, orientación y localización. El estudio representa un acercamiento en la determinación de relaciones causales y dinámicas entre las formas de relieve y la vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste.Palabras clave: bosque seco tropical; geomorfología; incendios forestales; vulnerabilidad. AbstractThe tropical dry forest located in the North Pacific Region of Costa Rica is recurrently affected by wildfires; this situation drives changes in landscape dynamics, as well as in the socioeconomic and ecological values of the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the relationship of the geomorphology to the wildfire vulnerability in Guanacaste Conservation Area, based on the relation between the origin with the age of the parental material, as well as the dynamics, morphology, and evolution of the geoforms with the regional climatic conditions and the dry forest. Geomorphological cartography was conducted with two genetic groups: the endogenous-modeled group (Cerro El Hacha, volcanic ramps of the Orosí-Cacao complex, tectonic hills of Santa Elena) and the exogenous one (coastal plain). A ...

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Wildfire, morphologic change and bed material transport at Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Predicting gravel bed river response to environmental change: the strengths and limitations of a regime‐based approach

Predicting gravel bed river response to environmental change: the strengths and limitations of a regime‐based approach

Modeling wood dynamics, jam formation, and sediment storage in a gravel‐bed stream

Influencia geomorfológica en la vulnerabilidad a incendios forestales en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

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