Wildfire severity influences offspring sex ratio in a native solitary bee

Galbraith, Sara M.; Cane, James H.; Rivers, James W.

doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04809-3

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We used O. lignaria as a focal bee because it is native to our study region and often found in forest habitats (Galbraith et al, 2021). Because it is a cavity nester, it is also an ideal species for estimating reproductive output.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simanonok and Burkle (2019) showed that tree canopy closure after wildfire results in diminished floral resources and reduced nesting success of wood‐cavity‐nesting bee species. Conversely, fire severity, related to canopy openness and floral resources, was positively related to experimentally placed O. lignaria reproduction (Galbraith et al, 2021). By affecting flower resource abundance and diversity, the time since harvest in intensively managed stands may have a similar effect as succession post‐wildfire on bee offspring production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host and floral communities shape parasite prevalence and reproduction in intensively managed forests

Ponisio,

Cohen,

Galbraith

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Understanding how working landscapes can maintain viable wildlife populations is key to evaluating their conservation potential. We assessed the potential of intensively managed conifer forests for supporting healthy, productive bee populations in one of the major timber‐growing regions of the world, the Pacific Northwest. We examined the direct effect of the number of years post‐harvest and other forest characteristics on flowering plant and bee communities and their indirect effect on parasite prevalence (Apicystis spp., Ascosphaera spp., and Crithidia spp.) and reproduction of a native, forest‐dwelling solitary bee (Osmia lignaria). Forest characteristics, including the time elapsed since harvest, influenced floral and bee community diversity and abundance and indirectly impacted parasite prevalence and offspring production. We found that increased bee diversity was associated with reduced parasite prevalence—consistent with a dilution effect—but the strength of the relationship varied across the different parasites. Additionally, bee abundance was more consistently associated with increased parasite prevalence, providing evidence of amplification. Floral abundance was only associated with lower Apicystis spp. prevalence. Across all parasite models, however, the values were <20%, indicating that additional factors shape bee communities beyond those we examined. Offspring production was positively related to floral diversity but not to parasite prevalence. Our results suggest that managing floral diversity is critical to enhancing the value of these landscapes for wild bee communities, both directly through promoting bee diversity and reproduction, and indirectly through facilitating parasite dilution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and floral communities shape parasite prevalence and reproduction in intensively managed forests

Ponisio,

Cohen,

Galbraith

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

Self Cite

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“…When no data on sex ratio was found in the literature for a given genus, we assumed it to be 0.5. This is certainly a rough approximation that was necessary for a few genera, but it should be considered that variations may occur, for example, because of variation in environmental conditions (Fitch et al, 2019; Galbraith et al, 2021). Despite brood mortality rate (which affects productivity) being variable across species (Wcislo, 1996), we assumed it to be similar, on average, across genera.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• When no data on sex ratio was found in the literature for a given genus, we assumed it to be 0.5. This is certainly a rough approximation that was necessary for a few genera, but it should be considered that variations may occur, for example, because of variation in environmental conditions (Fitch et al, 2019;Galbraith et al, 2021).…”

Section: Calculation Of the Weighted Abundance (N W )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eusociality as a neglected aspect of wild bee α‐diversity and its potential impact on diversity estimation

Ferrari

Polidori

2022

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Bees provide important ecosystem services and are subjects of extensive studies on their α-diversity, which is generally calculated with indices that integrate the number of species with their abundances. Variation in social behaviour, though expected to impact genetic diversity, is still largely neglected in such studies.2. We propose a simple method to show how sociality may affect diversity indices, when a surrogate of genetic diversity is taken into account. This method weighs the number of sampled females (N) to obtain new abundance values (N W ), by taking into account relevant biological traits affecting genetic structure of populations, that is, the number of (natal) nests from which the sampled females originated (which depends on brood productivity and sex ratio) and the genetic relatedness among such females.3. Solitary species tend to have greater N W than eusocial ones especially at larger sample sizes. Across studies on 121 bee communities, we found that Taxonomic distinctness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Gini-Simpson dominance tended to be greater when based on N W rather than on N. Such differences increased in communities with decreasing number of eusocial species and with increasing proportion of individuals from eusocial species.4. The results suggest that taking into account the social organisation of wild bees may have important consequences in estimating α-diversity, thus claiming for future efforts in collecting biological data on as many wild bee species as possible to improve the precision of N W estimations. For example, stressors affecting more solitary bees could impoverish communities dominated by few but abundant eusocial species, more than expected by using unweighted abundances.

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“…The increase of the global temperature due to atmospheric GHGs emissions has disastrous impacts on humans and the environment [2]. For instance, it will lead to: (1) melting of glaciers and ice in polar regions and rising of sea level, which could flood several worldwide coastal areas, leading to forced migration, hunger, and loss of human lives [3]; (2) warming and changing of the ocean chemistry, which could disrupt the ocean ecosystem and food web, resulting in dramatic consequences on marine species, and lifestyle of humans depending on them [4,5]; and (3) increasing the intensity and frequency of cyclones, hurricanes, precipitation, and storm surge, leading to loss of human lives and infrastructure, dangerous floods, severe droughts and intolerable heatwaves [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEA of a Unique Two-Pathways Process for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

Morsi¹,

Li²,

Ashkanani³

et al. 2022

J Energ Power Technol

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A unique two-Pathways process using aqueous sodium glycinate for CO2 capture from a split flue gas stream emitted from 600 MWe post-combustion coal power plant was developed in Aspen Plus v.10. The split gas flow rate used was 44.75 ton/h and contained 0.0023 mol% SO2 and 13.33 mol% CO2. The process includes a washing unit, a CO2 absorption unit, a reverse osmosis unit, and a solvent regeneration unit or an ultrafiltration unit. The washing unit uses deionized water to completely remove SO2 and the CO2 absorption unit uses SGS to capture at least 90 mol% of the CO2 in the split flue gas stream. Upon CO2 and SGS reactions, the resulting liquid products exhibit phase-separation into CO2-lean phase and CO2-rich phase, allow two distinct pathways. Pathway (i) is to regenerate mostly the CO2-rich phase, collect the released CO2, and compress it for sequestration purposes. Pathway (ii) is to send the liquid stream from the CO2 absorption unit to the ultrafiltration unit to separate the solid nanomaterials. The hydraulics and mass transfer characteristics in the washing and CO2 absorption units were obtained; and techno-economic analysis (TEA) for Pathways (i) and (ii), including Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expenditure (OPEX), and Levelized Cost of CO2 Captured (LCOC), were calculated and compared. The simulation results revealed that the CAPEX, OPEX, and LCOC for Pathway (i) were ($12,039,251), (261 $/h), and (54.01 $/ton-CO2 captured), respectively, and those for Pathway (ii) were ($5,908,000), (237.2 $/h), and (39.90 $/ton-CO2 captured), respectively. Moreover, in Pathway (ii), 8.19 ton/h of CO2 were captured to produce 15.62 ton/h NaHCO3 nanomaterials, which were sold to offset the overall process cost. The LCOC values indicate that Pathway (ii) is more cost-effective than Pathway (i) because LCOC values for Pathway (ii) are much lower than those for Pathway (i).

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Wildfire severity influences offspring sex ratio in a native solitary bee

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Host and floral communities shape parasite prevalence and reproduction in intensively managed forests

Host and floral communities shape parasite prevalence and reproduction in intensively managed forests

Eusociality as a neglected aspect of wild bee α‐diversity and its potential impact on diversity estimation

TEA of a Unique Two-Pathways Process for Post-Combustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture

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