Wildfire smoke exposures and adult health outcomes

Marlier, Miriam E.; Crnosija, Natalie; Benmarhnia, Tarik

doi:10.1002/essoar.10510602.1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Systematic reviews found evidence of synergistic effects for heat with PM 2.5 on all-cause mortality and respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity (22) and weak evidence of effect modification by PM 2.5 on heat-mortality association (23). However, compared to ambient PM 2.5 from other sources, PM 2.5 during wildfire events were more intense-often an order of magnitude larger than ambient PM 2.5 levels from other sources-and could produce distinct physiological responses and adaptive behaviors with or without concurrent extreme heat event (24). Previous epidemiological study also found higher impact on respiratory hospitalizations from exposure to wildfire PM 2.5 than exposure to ambient PM 2.5 from other sources (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Chen,

Schwarz,

Rosenthal

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

Self Cite

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Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially in California. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite and monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures to extreme heat and wildfire smoke in California (2006–2019) at ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level. We found synergistic effects between extreme heat and wildfire smoke on daily cardiorespiratory hospitalizations at the state level. We also found spatial heterogeneity in such synergistic effects across ZCTAs. Communities with lower education attainment, lower health insurance coverage, lower income, lower proportion of automobile ownership, lower tree canopy coverage, higher population density, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities experienced higher synergistic effects. This study highlights the need to incorporate compound hazards and environmental justice considerations into evidence-based policy development to protect populations from increasingly prevalent compound hazards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Chen,

Schwarz,

Rosenthal

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

Self Cite

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“…Moreover, the effects of wildfire PM 2.5 may be worse in communities that already experience a disproportionately high burden of other environmental exposures due to the potential synergistic effects of compound exposures (C. Chen et al., 2024). Taken together, there is a need for further research on community characteristics as drivers of the spatially varying health effects of wildfire PM 2.5 (Marlier et al., 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM_2.5 in California

Do,

Chen,

Benmarhnia

et al. 2024

GeoHealth

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Wildfire smoke fine particles (PM2.5) are a growing public health threat as wildfire events become more common and intense under climate change, especially in the Western United States. Studies assessing the association between wildfire PM2.5 exposure and health typically summarize the effects over the study area. However, health responses to wildfire PM2.5 may vary spatially. We evaluated spatially‐varying respiratory acute care utilization risks associated with short‐term exposure to wildfire PM2.5 and explored community characteristics possibly driving spatial heterogeneity. Using ensemble‐modeled daily wildfire PM2.5, we defined a wildfire smoke day to have wildfire‐specific PM2.5 concentration ≥15 μg/m3. We included daily respiratory emergency department visits and unplanned hospitalizations in 1,396 California ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) and 15 census‐derived community characteristics. Employing a case‐crossover design and conditional logistic regression, we observed increased odds of respiratory acute care utilization on wildfire smoke days at the state level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.07). Across air basins, ORs ranged from 0.88 to 1.57, with the highest effect estimate in San Diego. A within‐community matching design and spatial Bayesian hierarchical model also revealed spatial heterogeneity in ZCTA‐level rate differences. For example, communities with a higher percentage of Black or Pacific Islander residents had stronger wildfire PM2.5‐outcome relationships, while more air conditioning and tree canopy attenuated associations. We found an important heterogeneity in wildfire smoke‐related health impacts across air basins, counties, and ZCTAs, and we identified characteristics of vulnerable communities, providing evidence to guide policy development and resource allocation.

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“…Systematic reviews found evidence of synergistic effects for heat with PM 2.5 on all-cause mortality and respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity 24 and weak evidence of effect modi cation by PM 2.5 on heat-mortality association 25 . However, the increased toxicity of PM 2.5 from wild res 26 as well as the intensity of exposure during wild re events -often an order of magnitude larger than year-round ambient levelsproduces distinct physiological responses and adaptive behaviors that warrant independent study 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Heterogeneity in Population Health Impacts and Vulnerability to Compound Climate Hazards: Extreme Heat and Wildfire Smoke in California

Chen

Schwarz

Rosenthal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially in California. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite and monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures to extreme heat and wildfire smoke in California (2006–2019) at ZIP code level. We found synergistic effects between extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations at the state level. We also found spatial heterogeneity in such synergistic effects across ZIP codes. Communities with lower education attainment, lower health insurance coverage, lower income, lower proportion of automobile ownership, lower tree canopy coverage, higher population density, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to the synergistic effects. This study highlights the need to incorporate compound hazards and environmental justice considerations into evidence-based policy development to protect populations from increasingly prevalent compound hazards.

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Wildfire smoke exposures and adult health outcomes

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM_2.5 in California

Spatial Heterogeneity in Population Health Impacts and Vulnerability to Compound Climate Hazards: Extreme Heat and Wildfire Smoke in California

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Wildfire smoke exposures and adult health outcomes

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California

Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM2.5 in California

Spatial Heterogeneity in Population Health Impacts and Vulnerability to Compound Climate Hazards: Extreme Heat and Wildfire Smoke in California

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Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM_2.5 in California