Wildlife contamination with fluoroquinolones from livestock: Widespread occurrence of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in vultures

Blanco, Guillermo; Junza, Alexandra; Segarra, David; Barbosa, Johildo Salomão Figueirêdo; Barrón, D.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.045

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The growing dependence of scavengers on swine carcasses from factory farming has been increasingly recorded in several Spanish regions (Camiña & Montelío, ; Donázar et al., ). This has been shown to be associated with scavenger contamination with veterinary pharmaceuticals used in livestock farming (Blanco et al., ; Blanco et al., a,b) and with infection by parasites and opportunistic and emerging livestock pathogens (Blanco, ; Blanco et al., ; Marin et al., ; Pitarch et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria from free‐living birds can acquire resistance to antibiotics due to multiple contaminations with human and livestock residues, and disperse this resistance around the world (Allen et al., ). Specifically, by consuming carcasses of treated livestock, scavengers can be directly exposed to antibiotics and other drugs used to combat disease (Blanco, Junza, & Barrón, ; Blanco, Junza, Segarra, Barbosa, & Barrón, ; Blanco et al., ), and then acquire or develop pathogen resistance to these drugs (Blanco, ). Therefore, the combined evaluation of diet, occurrence of pathogens and their drug resistance can provide information about the scavengers' exposure to food acting as infection sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Blanco

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Wild birds have repeatedly been highlighted as vectors in the dissemination of livestock and human pathogens. Here, the occurrence, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella were assessed in adult Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus), to test the hypothesis that infection is associated with the consumption of swine carcasses provided at supplementary feeding stations (SFSs). Faeces of year-round resident griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) were also tested to assess whether infection was acquired in the breeding grounds of both species or in the African wintering quarters of Egyptian vultures. Depending on the shedding rate criteria considered, the occurrence of infection in Egyptian vultures varied between the three consecutive sampling days in a range with a minimum of 23%-41% and a maximum of 64%-92% of individuals (n = 11-14 individuals, 27-39 faeces). The occurrence in the single sampling of griffon vultures was 61% of faeces (n = 18). Vultures mostly fed on pig carcasses, which together with their predominant infection with multiresistant serotypes (mostly the monophasic 4,12:i:- variant resistant to aminopenicillins, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines) typically found in pigs from Spain, strongly supports a carcass-to-vulture transmission and cross-infection routes at SFSs. Efforts are encouraged to avoid discarding carcasses of pigs with Salmonella at SFSs established for the conservation of threatened scavengers. This could contribute to reducing the long-distance transmission of resistant pathogens with an impact on livestock and human health while avoiding infection risk and its effects on wildlife.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Blanco

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…By foraging on human-delivered waste individuals may be more exposed to associated risks (e.g. poisons, pathogens and/or toxic veterinary pharmaceutical46). In the Ebro Valley, although data are scarce, from a total of 13 known-sex Egyptian vultures found dead by poison, 9 (69%) were females (authors’ own data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex- and age-dependent patterns of survival and breeding success in a long-lived endangered avian scavenger

Sanz‐Aguilar

Cortés‐Avizanda

Serrano

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In long-lived species, the age-, stage- and/or sex-dependent patterns of survival and reproduction determine the evolution of life history strategies, the shape of the reproductive value, and ultimately population dynamics. We evaluate the combined effects of age and sex in recruitment, breeder survival and breeding success of the globally endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), using 31-years of exhaustive data on marked individuals in Spain. Mean age of first reproduction was 7-yrs for both sexes, but females showed an earlier median and a larger variance than males. We found an age-related improvement in breeding success at the population level responding to the selective appearance and disappearance of phenotypes of different quality but unrelated to within-individual aging effects. Old males (≥8 yrs) showed a higher survival than both young males (≤7 yrs) and females, these later in turn not showing aging effects. Evolutionary trade-offs between age of recruitment and fitness (probably related to costs of territory acquisition and defense) as well as human-related mortality may explain these findings. Sex- and age-related differences in foraging strategies and susceptibility to toxics could be behind the relatively low survival of females and young males, adding a new concern for the conservation of this endangered species.

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“…Provisioning of carrion from intensively reared and medicated livestock such as poultry and swine could be detrimental due to the potential ingestion of veterinary drug residues and harmful multidrug‐resistant pathogens (Blanco , ; Blanco et al . ). Apart from the diclofenac crisis in South Asia (Watson et al .…”

Section: Pros and Cons Of Supplementary Feeding: Ecological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This risk may depend primarily on two factors: farming practices involving the consumed livestock species coupled with the sanitary management of SFS. Provisioning of carrion from intensively reared and medicated livestock such as poultry and swine could be detrimental due to the potential ingestion of veterinary drug residues and harmful multidrug-resistant pathogens (Blanco 2014(Blanco , 2015Blanco et al 2016). Apart from the diclofenac crisis in South Asia (Watson et al 2004) and unintended poisoning from pentobarbital-euthanized carcasses, there is little knowledge about the impact of (1) secondary poisoning and subtle intoxication with veterinary drugs and (2) infections with pathogens acquired from carrion.…”

Section: Unintended Effects: Health Effects Among Individuals Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary feeding and endangered avian scavengers: benefits, caveats, and controversies

Cortés‐Avizanda

Blanco

DeVault³

et al. 2016

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Large avian scavengers are among the most vulnerable vertebrates, and many of their populations have declined severely in recent decades. To help mitigate this marked reduction in abundance, supplementary feeding stations (SFS; colloquially termed “vulture restaurants”) have been created worldwide, often without consideration of the scientific evidence supporting the suitability of the practice. SFS have been effective and important tools for conservation and reintroduction of avian scavengers. However, negative consequences can result from large aggregations of individual birds, disrupting intraguild processes and promoting density‐dependent decreases in productivity. At the community level, SFS favor the congregation of predators (ie facultative scavengers), increasing predation risk on small‐ and medium‐sized vertebrates in the vicinity of the SFS. These feeding stations might also affect processes of natural selection and even render populations maladapted to their natural environments. We also examine future scenarios for avian scavengers in relation to ecosystem services, to changes in agro‐grazing economies and in land uses, and ultimately to rewilding landscapes where SFS play a controversial role.

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Wildlife contamination with fluoroquinolones from livestock: Widespread occurrence of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in vultures

Cited by 69 publications

References 56 publications

Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Sex- and age-dependent patterns of survival and breeding success in a long-lived endangered avian scavenger

Supplementary feeding and endangered avian scavengers: benefits, caveats, and controversies

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