Will ‘o the Wisps: non-traditional data to inform modern science

Abstract

The modern climate is changing faster and on larger spatial scales than ever in human history. Though the modern instrument-based record of Earth observations reflects decades of critical work, multi-century time series may be required to understand and forecast key elements of Earth system dynamics. Here, we explore the utility of non-traditional climate data records – observations reported without using modern instruments or standardized measurement protocols – to illuminate important patterns of climate change that predate modern methodologies and tools. We compile a list of diverse datasets collected during the past 500 years including landscape paintings, sea lore, and fish haul data. This initial review and analysis present novel possibilities for scientists across regions and disciplines to reconstruct past climate in ways that complement more traditional methods.