Will Sympatric Speciation Fail due to Stochastic Competitive Exclusion?

Johansson, Jacob; Ripa, Jörgen

doi:10.1086/507996

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast to the effect of demographic fluctuations, environmental fluctuations have shown contradictory results [12,26,27]. In agreement with our result, a lottery model of a fluctuating fitness optimum showed that fluctuations can facilitate branching [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The Lotka-Volterra competition model has been extensively used to study the interplay between species interactions, phenotypic diversity and the onset of evolutionary branching [9,10,12,13,19,23,24]. A well-known result of this model is the existence of a link between the interactions of individuals and their environment (i.e., carrying capacity), vs. the interaction between individuals with other individuals (e.g., competition).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the maintenance of phenotypic diversity is a crucial onset of evolutionary branching, understanding the conditions that promote diversity has attracted considerable attention [5,7,8,12,13]. These and other studies showed that, although in its basic form the LVC model leads to the spontaneous generation of phenotypic diversity (i.e., it is unstable), evolutionary branching is not a granted outcome of the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies incorporating some form of stochasticity in their analyses have reached contradictory conclusions. While some have shown that fluctuations can promote diversification [12,18], alternative mathematical formulations have also shown that fluctuations can also reduce the likelihood of evolutionary branching [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Fuentes

Ferrada

2017

Front. Phys.

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An essential aspect of the current theory of adaptive speciation is the maintenance of phenotypic variation and the evolution of stationary stable phenotypic diversity, a phenomenon known as evolutionary branching. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that phenotypic variation can be maintained by favoring rare phenotypes, for example, through frequency-dependent selection. However, even when phenotypic variation is provided, the conditions leading to evolutionary branching are not universal. In order to lead to stable diversification, current models of adaptive speciation, such as the Lotka-Volterra competition model, must resort to strong assumptions that range from using unrealistic shape parameters for the competition and carrying capacity functions, modeling separately the generation of discontinuities in niche space, to increasing the dimensionality of phenotypic traits. Here, we introduce a stochastic version of the Lotka-Volterra competition model. We demonstrate that environmental fluctuations suffice to lead consistently to phenotypic diversification and evolutionary branching. Our observations build upon previous findings identifying a role for stochastic fluctuations on the evolution of phenotypic diversity, emphasize the difference between strong vs. weak assumptions in the stability of the LVC model, and suggest that the conditions for evolutionary branching are more relaxed than anticipated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Fuentes

Ferrada

2017

Front. Phys.

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“…Therefore, we should caution against the uncritical use of mutual invasibility as a sufficient condition for coexistence, a point that was already made by Proulx and Day (2001). Johansson and Ripa (2006), Johansson et al (2010) studied evolutionary consequences of finiteness, while Mágori et al (2005), Habets et al (2007) dealt with the coexistence-restricting effect of local demographic stochasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

Szilágyi

Meszéna

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The minimal model of the "relative nonlinearity" type fluctuation-maintained coexistence is investigated. The competing populations are affected by an environmental white noise. With quadratic density dependence, the long-term growth rates of the populations are determined by the average and the variance of the (fluctuating) total density. At most two species can coexist on these two "regulating" variables; competitive exclusion would ensue in a constant environment. A numerical study of the expected time until extinction of any of the two species reveals that the criterion of mutual invasibility predicts the parameter-range of long-term coexistence correctly in the limit of zero extinction threshold. However, any extinction threshold consistent with a realistic population size will allow only short-term coexistence. Therefore, our simulations question the biological relevance of mutual invasibility, as a sufficient condition of coexistence, for large density fluctuations. We calculate the average and the variance of the fluctuating density of the coexisting populations analytically via the moment-closure approximation; the results are reasonably close to the simulated behavior. Based on this treatment, robustness of coexistence is studied in the limit of infinite population size. We interpret the results of this analysis in the context of necessity of niche segregation with respect to the regulating variables using a framework theory published earlier.

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Modeling Sympatric Speciation in Quasiperiodic Environments

Foo

Haskell

Komarova

et al. 2015

The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications

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Sympatric speciation is the emergence of new species from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. This process presents an interesting problem for theoretical studies of evolution. One mechanism by which sympatric speciation might occur is periodic or quasiperiodic fluctuations in the abundance of the resources. In this paper inspired by the experimental findings of (Herron and Doebeli, PLoS Biol. 11, p. e1001490, 2013), we present a number of models of asexual speciation of E. coli, which range in the level of biological detail and the degree of analytical treatment. We show that coexistence of multiple species arises as a robust phenomenon, even in the presence of spatial and temporal randomness.

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Will Sympatric Speciation Fail due to Stochastic Competitive Exclusion?

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

Modeling Sympatric Speciation in Quasiperiodic Environments

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