Willingness to Pay for a Quality-adjusted Life Year

Hirth, Richard A.; Chernew, Michael E.; Miller, Edward L.; Fendrick, A. Mark; Weissert, William G.

doi:10.1177/0272989x0002000310

Cited by 786 publications

(568 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Nevertheless, cost-effective scenarios were found for treatments other than alendronate, providing credible alternative options for patients unable to take alendronate. Similar conclusions have also been reached in separate studies for most second line treatments [106,[109][110][111][112][113][114]. There are differences, however, in the spectrum of efficacy of these alternatives across different fracture sites that will determine their suitability in the clinical management of individuals.…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Of Pharmaceutical Interventionssupporting

confidence: 67%

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Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden

Hernlund¹,

Svedbom²,

Ivergård³

et al. 2013

Arch Osteoporos

2,133

1,048

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Summary This report describes the epidemiology, burden, and treatment of osteoporosis in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27). Introduction Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, resulting in increased risk of fragility fractures which represent the main clinical consequence of the disease. Fragility fractures are associated with substantial pain and suffering, disability and even death for affected patients and substantial costs to society. The aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in the EU27 in 2010 and beyond. Methods The literature on fracture incidence and costs of fractures in the EU27 was reviewed and incorporated into a model estimating the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in 2010.Results Twenty-two million women and 5.5 million men were estimated to have osteoporosis; and 3.5 million new fragility fractures were sustained, comprising 610,000 hip fractures, 520,000 vertebral fractures, 560,000 forearm fractures and 1,800,000 other fractures (i.e. fractures of the pelvis, rib, humerus, tibia, fibula, clavicle, scapula, sternum and other femoral fractures). The economic burden of incident and prior fragility fractures was estimated at € 37 billion. Incident fractures represented 66 % of this cost, long-term fracture care 29 % and pharmacological prevention 5 %. Previous and incident fractures also accounted for 1,180,000 quality-adjusted life years lost during 2010. The costs are expected to increase by 25 % in 2025. The majority of individuals who have sustained an osteoporosis-related fracture or who are at high risk of fracture are untreated and the number of patients on treatment is declining.

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Section: Cost-effectiveness Of Pharmaceutical Interventionssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Bisphosphonates are generally found to be cost-effective in women with osteoporosis, regardless of whether or not the perspective is societal and if the modelling horizon is lifetime or shorter [106].…”

Section: Cost-effectiveness Of Pharmaceutical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden

Hernlund¹,

Svedbom²,

Ivergård³

et al. 2013

Arch Osteoporos

2,133

1,048

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(See Item 1 of Supplement 1 3, 11, 13. See also Item 2 of Supplement 8, which provides a sensitivity analysis using $100 000 and $300 000 per year of life.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Government Compensation of Kidney Donors

Held¹,

McCormick

Ojo

et al. 2016

American Journal of Transplantation

176

140

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From 5000 to 10 000 kidney patients die prematurely in the United States each year, and about 100 000 more suffer the debilitating effects of dialysis, because of a shortage of transplant kidneys. To reduce this shortage, many advocate having the government compensate kidney donors. This paper presents a comprehensive cost‐benefit analysis of such a change. It considers not only the substantial savings to society because kidney recipients would no longer need expensive dialysis treatments—$1.45 million per kidney recipient—but also estimates the monetary value of the longer and healthier lives that kidney recipients enjoy—about $1.3 million per recipient. These numbers dwarf the proposed $45 000‐per‐kidney compensation that might be needed to end the kidney shortage and eliminate the kidney transplant waiting list. From the viewpoint of society, the net benefit from saving thousands of lives each year and reducing the suffering of 100 000 more receiving dialysis would be about $46 billion per year, with the benefits exceeding the costs by a factor of 3. In addition, it would save taxpayers about $12 billion each year.

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“…The monetary value of health‐care gains is the product of number of QALY gains and willingness‐to‐pay threshold. Although there are various methods to convert QALYs to monetary values 20 we used the willingness‐to‐pay approach 21, 22, despite some important limitations of this method 23, 24. Calculating the monetary value of QALY gains in this way enables the estimation of benefit–cost ratios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost‐effectiveness of possible future smoking cessation strategies in Hungary: results from the EQUIPTMOD

Németh¹,

Józwiak-Hagymásy²,

Kovàcs

et al. 2018

Addiction

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AimsTo evaluate potential health and economic returns from implementing smoking cessation interventions in Hungary.MethodsThe EQUIPTMOD, a Markov‐based economic model, was used to assess the cost‐effectiveness of three implementation scenarios: (a) introducing a social marketing campaign; (b) doubling the reach of existing group‐based behavioural support therapies and proactive telephone support; and (c) a combination of the two scenarios. All three scenarios were compared with current practice. The scenarios were chosen as feasible options available for Hungary based on the outcome of interviews with local stakeholders. Life‐time costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated from a health‐care perspective. The analyses used various return on investment (ROI) estimates, including incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs), to compare the scenarios. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed the extent to which the estimated mean ICERs were sensitive to the model input values.ResultsIntroducing a social marketing campaign resulted in an increase of 0.3014 additional quitters per 1 000 smokers, translating to health‐care cost‐savings of €0.6495 per smoker compared with current practice. When the value of QALY gains was considered, cost‐savings increased to €14.1598 per smoker. Doubling the reach of existing group‐based behavioural support therapies and proactive telephone support resulted in health‐care savings of €0.2539 per smoker (€3.9620 with the value of QALY gains), compared with current practice. The respective figures for the combined scenario were €0.8960 and €18.0062. Results were sensitive to model input values.ConclusionsAccording to the EQUIPTMOD modelling tool, it would be cost‐effective for the Hungarian authorities introduce a social marketing campaign and double the reach of existing group‐based behavioural support therapies and proactive telephone support. Such policies would more than pay for themselves in the long term.

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Willingness to Pay for a Quality-adjusted Life Year

Cited by 786 publications

References 60 publications

Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden

Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Government Compensation of Kidney Donors

Cost‐effectiveness of possible future smoking cessation strategies in Hungary: results from the EQUIPTMOD

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