Willingness to pay for fluoride-free water in Tanzania: disentangling the importance of behavioural factors

Investigation of Groundwater Fluoride Dynamics in the Lower Gangetic Plain Including Natural Influences with Economic and Health Issues

“…Moreover, the average daily consumption of drinking and cooking water was 8.8 L reported in another study. 1 In this study, each of the 63 households used 20 L of F − -safe jerrycan water for both cooking and drinking purposes; however, the rest of the households (n = 156) used groundwater from their own tube wells or pumps for cooking purposes only. According to many responses considering water, it was found that sometimes they consumed water from their own tubewell (mean F − : 1.41 ± 0.59 mg/L) and pump (mean F − : 1.344 ± 0.42 mg/L).…”

“…SDGs 6 and 3 aim to substantially increase the water-use efficiency across all sectors by ensuring sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and reduce the number of people suffering from water-related issues by 2030. 1 However, without forceful guiding principle interventions, these goals appear to be difficult to reach in the territories affected by groundwater fluoride (F − ) contamination. It has been a major hazard concern for more than 200 million people in almost 35 countries throughout the world.…”

“…It has been a major hazard concern for more than 200 million people in almost 35 countries throughout the world. 1 Twenty, out of 29 states across the southern and western parts of India have been reported as fluoride-endemic regions. 2 Most of the inhabitants in these endemic states rely on groundwater from different water sources for their everyday needs.…”

“…4 Moreover, several researchers investigated how various factors impact people's willingness to accept fluoride-free services (through 20 L jerrycan water or safe pipeline supply water). 1,5 Based on the topographical location, the western region of West Bengal experiences elevated groundwater fluoride toxicity compared to its eastern region. 6 The present study emphasized the research gap on the toxicity of F − in groundwater, focusing on the hydrostratigraphy for F − mobilization and magnifying the economic behavior along with evaluating the health risks of the studied population.…”

“…However, without forceful guiding principle interventions, these goals appear to be difficult to reach in the territories affected by groundwater fluoride (F – ) contamination. It has been a major hazard concern for more than 200 million people in almost 35 countries throughout the world . Twenty, out of 29 states across the southern and western parts of India have been reported as fluoride-endemic regions .…”