Willingness to Take Travel-Related Health Risks—A Study among Finnish Tourists in Asia during the Avian Influenza Outbreak

Aro, Arja R.; Vartti, A-M; Schreck, Marjut; Turtiainen, Pirjo; Uutela, Antti

doi:10.1007/s12529-008-9003-7

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There is also a common understanding that tourists' risk perceptions can be dramatically influenced by media reports (Chew & Jahari, 2014). Numerous studies have focused on categorizing and assessing travel-related risks and on revealing the risk perceptions of diverse tourist groups (e.g., Roehl & Fesenmaier, 1992;Sönmez, 1998;Sönmez & Graefe, 1998;Floyd & Pennington-Gray, 2004;Rittichainuwat & Chakraborty, 2009;Aro, Vartti, Schreck, Turtiainen, & Uutela, 2009;Wolff & Larsen, 2014). The literature has also extensively dealt with country-specific risk perceptions (Fuchs & Reichel, 2011;Lepp, Gibson & Lane, 2011;Carter, 1998;Sirakaya, Sheppard & McLellan, 1997), especially in the context of destination image studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis-resistant tourists

Hajibaba

Gretzel

Leisch

et al. 2015

Annals of Tourism Research

197

166

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Despite the negative impact of unexpected events-such as 9/11 and the Global Financial Crisis-on the tourism industry, and despite substantial research into managing crises in tourism, little is known about tourists who are most needed in such situations: crisis-resistant tourists. In this study, crisis-resistant tourists are defined and theoretically conceptualized. Empirical results indicate that segments of tourists resistant to external or internal crisis events indeed exist and-as theoretically postulated-demonstrate higher levels of risk propensity and resistance to change. In contrast, risk shifting is not associated with being a crisis-resistant tourist. An initial profile of crisis-resistant tourists is provided, offering guidance to the tourism industry on how to identify and communicate with this highly attractive market segment. Crisis-resistant tourists ABSTRACTDespite the negative impact of unexpected events -such as 9/11 and the Global Financial Crisis -on the tourism industry, and despite substantial research into managing crises in tourism, little is known about tourists who are most needed in such situations: crisis-resistant tourists. In this study, crisis-resistant tourists are defined and theoretically conceptualized. Empirical results indicate that segments of tourists resistant to external or internal crisis events indeed exist andas theoretically postulated -demonstrate higher levels of risk propensity and resistance to change. In contrast, risk shifting is not associated with being a crisis-resistant tourist. An initial profile of crisis-resistant tourists is provided, offering guidance to the tourism industry on how to identify and communicate with this highly attractive market segment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis-resistant tourists

Hajibaba

Gretzel

Leisch

et al. 2015

Annals of Tourism Research

197

166

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“…The more frequent use of condoms as a preventive measure (92.2%) compared to older studies in which only 20-63% mentioned a regular use of condoms could be attributed to a greater awareness of HIV/ AIDS especially in African and Asian countries (Houweling and Coutinho, 1991;Abdullah et al, 1998;Ward and Plourde, 2006). Aro et al (2009) mention the relation between perceived HIV risk and the willingness to take health risks. Volunteers in this study were tested for sexually transmitted infections more often than expatriates in other studies (Dahlgren et al, 2009), even though Aro et al (2009) suggest encouraging all young people to attend sexual screens after time abroad.…”

Section: Sexual Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Aro et al (2009) mention the relation between perceived HIV risk and the willingness to take health risks. Volunteers in this study were tested for sexually transmitted infections more often than expatriates in other studies (Dahlgren et al, 2009), even though Aro et al (2009) suggest encouraging all young people to attend sexual screens after time abroad. This shows an existing awareness of these diseases that should be highlighted in pre-departure seminars, combined with the importance of stressing condom use and the influence of alcohol and drugs on risky behaviour (Cabada et al, 2009).…”

Section: Sexual Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…de has not yet been established. It is postulated that the risk profile of young adults working in NGOs for a longer period of time could differ from those of tourist travellers aged 30þ years or older employees working in international business and industry (Chatterjee, 1999;Lopez-Velez and Bayas, 2007;Croughs et al, 2008;Aro et al, 2009). There is therefore a need to evaluate the actual risks to which young volunteers of NGOs are exposed or expose themselves to during their time abroad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks to Young Volunteers in International Social Projects

Martin

Rieke

Neppach

et al. 2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Background: The number of young volunteers in international social projects has increased significantly with governmental and non-governmental project support. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the preventative medical advice currently given prior to departure is inadequate because the risk profile of young persons (<30 years) differs from that of the general population.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed with participants of international social projects. A specific questionnaire was developed; inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 30 years at departure and a duration with the project of at least 6 months.Results: One hundred and fifty-three data sets could be evaluated. Fifty-three percent were females; the destinations were as follows: 65.4% to Asia, 14.4% to Africa, and 10.5% to Latin America. The mean age was 20 years. Ninety percent of the participants received some kind of advice in travel medicine prior to departure. The vaccination rate was quite good, but pertussis (13.7%), yellow fever (80%), typhoid fever (54%), and rabies (49.7%) should be improved when travelling to high-risk regions. Food is a very important potential source of problems as 66% receive catering by the project, 56.2% from street stalls, and 44% were regularly invited to dine with locals. In Africa, only two-thirds of the participants of projects had regular access to safe water and the sanitary facilities were also poor; 51.7% of respondents reported new sexual contacts (one to more than six new partners). In most cases, condoms were used, but there were two unintended pregnancies.Conclusions: We conclude that young people need to be targeted with specialized advice for health and safety while abroad. This should highlight age-specific risks compared to advice for a more general population. Vaccination status should be improved for some regions and diseases.

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“…The special series on "Risk Perception, Behaviors and Pandemic Control in Emerging Infectious Diseases" addresses a highly relevant issue in global public health. The papers by Leppin and Aro [2], De Zwart et al [3], Vartti et al [4], Aro et al [5], Voeten et al [6], and Jiang et al [7] explore behavioral processes in pandemics of SARS, avian flu and other emerging infectious diseases. This research contributes to developing policies aiming to control future pandemics of emerging infectious diseases with a global reach.…”

Section: As Of 2009 International Journal Of Behavioral Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%